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MOUNT HERBS / THE KNOWLEDGE ATLASReading, sources & revision notes ↓

The reading room.

Original covers, published papers and the people behind them. Choose a work to see what it contributes, and where to read it.

Generated setting · Original works below

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Books, original papers and historical accounts, arranged by subject. Every edition keeps its authorship and source notes.

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  1. THE BOOKS, AS PUBLISHED

    Let the covers lead.

    Scroll across or swipe through 22 books. Open a cover to follow its authors, edition and sources.

    1. Original cover of Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp CultivationCannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation2021Open this book’s record ↗
    2. Original cover of Cannabis: Evolution and EthnobotanyCannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany2013Open this book’s record ↗
    3. Original cover of The African Roots of MarijuanaThe African Roots of Marijuana2019Open this book’s record ↗
    4. Original cover of Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in AmericaGrass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America2017Open this book’s record ↗
    5. Original cover of Marijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana CultivationMarijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana CultivationPublication date not establishedOpen this book’s record ↗
    6. Original cover of Marijuana Growers GuideMarijuana Growers GuidePublication date not establishedOpen this book’s record ↗
    7. Original cover of Closet CultivatorCloset Cultivator[1991] (catalogue-supplied)Open this book’s record ↗
    8. Original cover of Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-RoundAsk Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-RoundPublication date not establishedOpen this book’s record ↗
    9. Original cover of Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis ProblemsMarijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis ProblemsPublication date not establishedOpen this book’s record ↗
    10. Original cover of Protect Your GardenProtect Your GardenPublication date not establishedOpen this book’s record ↗
    11. Original cover of Marijuana Pest and Disease ControlMarijuana Pest and Disease Control2012Open this book’s record ↗
    12. Original cover of Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis GardenMarijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden2017Open this book’s record ↗
    13. Original cover of Beyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and MedicinesBeyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and Medicines2014Open this book’s record ↗
    14. Original cover of Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis InfusionsBeyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis InfusionsPublication date not establishedOpen this book’s record ↗
    15. Original cover of Ganja in IndiaGanja in IndiaPublication date not establishedOpen this book’s record ↗
    16. Original cover of The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed BreedersThe Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders2001Open this book’s record ↗
    17. Original cover of Big Book of Buds 2Big Book of Buds 2Publication date not establishedOpen this book’s record ↗
    18. Original cover of The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed BreedersThe Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders2007Open this book’s record ↗
    19. Original cover of Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best BreedersBig Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders2016 distributor catalogueOpen this book’s record ↗
    20. Original cover of Hemp TodayHemp Today1994Open this book’s record ↗
    21. Original cover of Why Marijuana Should Be LegalWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal2003-04-02Open this book’s record ↗
    22. Original cover of Marijuana Medical HandbookMarijuana Medical Handbook1997Open this book’s record ↗

    Original covers; copyright retained by their rights holders. Edition and image-source notes accompany each record.

01 / GLOBAL CONTEXT

Original image & source.

Original Figure 1 from the 2015 hemp fibre study, showing two sampled plant stages, stem positions and primary and secondary phloem fibre counts.

Original source image

Figure 1 locates the stem samples in two plant stages. The published layout connects a whole plant with the places where its fibres were counted.

Anastasia Snegireva, Tatyana Chernova, Marina Ageeva, Simcha Lev-Yadun and Tatyana Gorshkova · 2015 · CC BY 4.0

Specific samples and stages from this anatomical study; not universal hemp dimensions, a cultivation schedule or Mount Herbs sourcing evidence. Original labels and complete composition retained. The publisher JPEG is preserved byte-for-byte as the full image.

Preparing the exhibit. Reading is available immediately.

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Explore the connections

Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure

The five-author team used microscopy to study developing primary and secondary hemp phloem fibres.

What this record does not establish

Findings are tied to sampled stems and developmental stages; no commercial fibre quality or regional provenance follows.

Editorial state: source verified. This state is not an expert endorsement.

Original sources

Read the complete source-linked collection

Follow the historical chronology 26 sourced stops

Move through the record.

These are chronological stops, not equal intervals of elapsed time. Approximate dates and manuscript attributions keep their original qualifications.

Compare the evidence Different questions, different limits

Keep the contexts in view.

The reading archive.

Choose a subject, then open an individual record. The complete collection and its source notes remain here for reading and printing.

This is a selected, expanding archive. Historical use, experimental activity and clinical evidence answer different questions. None establishes a medical benefit, cannabinoid content or treatment use for Mount Herbs seed products.

The original Natural History is the sole chronology. Molecular identities and clinical records are drawn from their existing catalogues. New profiles are limited to verified contributions; a source check does not replace independent historical, Sanskrit or regulatory review.

Collection snapshot 6 November 2026: 47 people, 46 publications and manuscripts, 130 admitted connections and 261 source records. 26 historical stops and 72 molecular identities come from the existing catalogues. Counts describe this selected corpus, not global completeness. Individual records retain their own source-check dates; generating this snapshot does not re-review the full collection.

Botanical identity and structure · 10

taxon / Name published 1753 · current taxon concept checked 2026

Cannabis sativa L.

The shared botanical name connects a living plant, chemical research and an official leaf entry. Kew accepts it within Cannabaceae.

Reading note
A shared taxon does not make all plant parts, chemotypes, preparations or legal classifications interchangeable. The name’s 1753 publication is not the plant’s origin.

An open 1542 volume by Leonhart Fuchs, with Latin text on page 392 and a hand-coloured cannabis woodcut on page 393.

Historical source context

The book is the object: a photographed spread from Leonhart Fuchs’s 1542 De historia stirpium, with its text, plant image, binding and handwritten annotations intact.

Leonhart Fuchs, De historia stirpium (1542); photograph: Wellcome Library, London, L0051246 · 1542 volume; photographic date not established · CC BY 4.0 for this Wellcome photograph

Historical botanical context, not a modern taxonomic standard. This is not a page from Köhler, a Sanskrit manuscript, or a claim that historical remedies are effective. Complete image preserved; delivery copies are resized and compressed without cropping or retouching.

Cannabis sativa botanical plate from Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen, showing flowering branches and enlarged reproductive structures.

Original source image

An 1887 Cannabis sativa plate from Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen, plate I-13. The historical labels and complete composition are preserved.

Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen; plate signed W. Müller / Wikimedia Commons · 1887 · Public domain; marked PDM 1.0

Resized and encoded as WebP; no crop or retouching. Historical botanical illustration. The current taxon record is supported separately by Kew and IPNI; this plate is not a modern pharmacopoeial approval.

Record & context
scientific name
Cannabis sativa L.
family
Cannabaceae
rank
species
ipni
306087-2
taxon concept
POWO accepted species, checked 2026-10-26
nomenclatural publication
Species Plantarum 2:1027
nomenclatural date
1753-05-01
Follow the documented connections 10
has anatomical structure · from this recordRoot system ↗

Root system opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The Biology of Cannabis sativa L. — BIO2020-02 ↗

Canadian Food Inspection Agency 2020 · official biological synthesis

sections 1.2, 2.6 and 4.1 inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Supports the branched taproot and morphology variation. A Canadian environmental-risk background document, not an Indian regulatory authority or cultivation guide.
Locator: BIO2020-02, sections 1.2, 2.6, 4.1
has anatomical structure · from this recordStem ↗

Stem opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa L. — New South Wales Flora Online ↗

G. J. Harden; Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney 1990 · institutional flora description

species description inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Stem and leaflet morphology; achene enclosed in glandular bracts. Taxon concept is Flora of NSW 1 (1990); photographs were not reused.
has anatomical structure · from this recordPalmately compound leaf ↗

Palmately compound leaf opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa L. — New South Wales Flora Online ↗

G. J. Harden; Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney 1990 · institutional flora description

species description inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Stem and leaflet morphology; achene enclosed in glandular bracts. Taxon concept is Flora of NSW 1 (1990); photographs were not reused.
has anatomical structure · from this recordVascular tissues and bast fibres ↗

Vascular tissues and bast fibres opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
has anatomical structure · from this recordMale reproductive structures ↗

Male reproductive structures opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
has anatomical structure · from this recordFemale reproductive structures ↗

Female reproductive structures opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
has anatomical structure · from this recordFruit and seed ↗

Fruit and seed opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
has anatomical structure · from this recordGlandular trichome ↗

Glandular trichome opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation ↗

Samuel J. Livingston; Teagen D. Quilichini; Judith K. Booth; Darren C. J. Wong; Kim H. Rensing; Jessica Laflamme-Yonkman; Simone D. Castellarin; Joerg Bohlmann; Jonathan E. Page; A. Lacey Samuels 2020 · original microscopy and metabolite study

publisher results, figures descriptions and full author line inspected; MEDLINE metadata retained · Checked 2026-10-26
Compares glandular-trichome forms and supports a developmental model. Livingston and Quilichini are credited as equal contributors; sampled varieties do not establish a universal chemical profile.
Locator: Results: secretory discs and floral maturation; co-first author note
has botanical subject · to this recordCannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation ↗

“Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation” treats cannabis horticulture; Cannabis sativa L. identifies its botanical subject. The credited 2021 handbook discusses cannabis horticulture; its bibliographic scope is connected to the taxon. It is not the source for each anatomical finding. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
Cannabis Grower’s Handbook — author’s catalogue ↗

Ed Rosenthal 2021 · author catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Establishes the work and its horticultural scope. Current storefront artwork says third printing; this does not establish a new edition.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Cannabis sativa L. — Plants of the World Online ↗

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · botanical taxonomic database

current taxon page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Accepted name, family Cannabaceae and annual habit. The database taxon concept is distinct from cultivar labels, a measured specimen or a legal product class.
identifies botanical taxon · to this recordVijayā — the official index entry ↗

The official Vijayā index identifies its botanical material as Cannabis sativa L. The official index names Cannabis sativa Linn. for Vijayā. This joins botanical identity only, not all parts or preparations. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
Cannabis sativa L. — Plants of the World Online ↗

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · botanical taxonomic database

current taxon page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Accepted name, family Cannabaceae and annual habit. The database taxon concept is distinct from cultivar labels, a measured specimen or a legal product class.
Sources & access
Cannabis sativa L. — Plants of the World Online ↗

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · botanical taxonomic database

current taxon page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Accepted name, family Cannabaceae and annual habit. The database taxon concept is distinct from cultivar labels, a measured specimen or a legal product class.
Cannabis sativa L. — International Plant Names Index ↗

International Plant Names Index 1753 · nomenclatural database

name record inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Species Plantarum 2:1027, publication 1 May 1753. The date belongs to the botanical name, not the origin of the plant.
Locator: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306087-2
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: taxon-cannabis-sativa

anatomy / Botanical structure · source review 2026

Root system

A central taproot branches into lateral roots beneath the shoot.

Reading note
Root form varies with the plant and its environment. The model is a schematic outline, not a fixed depth or a Himalayan field measurement.

Record & context
representation
Conceptual, not to scale; not a measured or authenticated pharmacopoeial specimen.
taxon id
taxon-cannabis-sativa
structures
taproot · lateral roots
display scale
whole-plant schematic
Follow the documented connections 1
has anatomical structure · to this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

Root system opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The Biology of Cannabis sativa L. — BIO2020-02 ↗

Canadian Food Inspection Agency 2020 · official biological synthesis

sections 1.2, 2.6 and 4.1 inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Supports the branched taproot and morphology variation. A Canadian environmental-risk background document, not an Indian regulatory authority or cultivation guide.
Locator: BIO2020-02, sections 1.2, 2.6, 4.1
Sources & access
The Biology of Cannabis sativa L. — BIO2020-02 ↗

Canadian Food Inspection Agency 2020 · official biological synthesis

sections 1.2, 2.6 and 4.1 inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Supports the branched taproot and morphology variation. A Canadian environmental-risk background document, not an Indian regulatory authority or cultivation guide.
Locator: BIO2020-02, sections 1.2, 2.6, 4.1
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: anatomy-root

anatomy / Botanical structure · source review 2026

Stem

The upright, branching stem bears leaves and reproductive shoots; its surface is angular and hairy in the flora description.

Reading note
Branching, internode form and proportions vary. A single rendered stem cannot represent every cultivar or growth stage.

Original Figure 1 from the 2015 hemp fibre study, showing two sampled plant stages, stem positions and primary and secondary phloem fibre counts.

Original source image

Figure 1 locates the stem samples in two plant stages. The published layout connects a whole plant with the places where its fibres were counted.

Anastasia Snegireva, Tatyana Chernova, Marina Ageeva, Simcha Lev-Yadun and Tatyana Gorshkova · 2015 · CC BY 4.0

Specific samples and stages from this anatomical study; not universal hemp dimensions, a cultivation schedule or Mount Herbs sourcing evidence. Original labels and complete composition retained. The publisher JPEG is preserved byte-for-byte as the full image.

Published micrograph of a hemp stem cross-section with labels for primary and secondary fibres, cambium and xylem, and the original 50 micrometre scale bar.

Original source image

Original Figure 7: a stained hemp stem section from the 2015 anatomical study. Its labels and 50 µm scale bar remain visible.

Anastasia Snegireva, Tatyana Chernova, Marina Ageeva, Simcha Lev-Yadun and Tatyana Gorshkova · 2015 · CC BY 4.0

Original published JPEG, unchanged. This is one sampled stem section from a plant-anatomy study, not a universal tissue proportion, commercial quality test or clinical finding.

Record & context
representation
Conceptual, not to scale; not a measured or authenticated pharmacopoeial specimen.
taxon id
taxon-cannabis-sativa
structures
stem · node · internode
display scale
whole-plant schematic
Follow the documented connections 2
has anatomical structure · to this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

Stem opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa L. — New South Wales Flora Online ↗

G. J. Harden; Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney 1990 · institutional flora description

species description inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Stem and leaflet morphology; achene enclosed in glandular bracts. Taxon concept is Flora of NSW 1 (1990); photographs were not reused.
contains anatomical tissues · from this recordVascular tissues and bast fibres ↗

The stem record leads to a closer study of vascular tissues and supporting fibres. The anatomical study locates phloem fibres and vascular development within sampled stems. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Sources & access
Cannabis sativa L. — New South Wales Flora Online ↗

G. J. Harden; Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney 1990 · institutional flora description

species description inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Stem and leaflet morphology; achene enclosed in glandular bracts. Taxon concept is Flora of NSW 1 (1990); photographs were not reused.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: anatomy-stem

anatomy / Botanical structure · source review 2026

Palmately compound leaf

Several toothed leaflets radiate from the end of one leaf stalk. Their prominent veins and narrow forms distinguish leaflets from separate leaves.

Reading note
Leaflet number and shape vary. This anatomical view is not an authenticated Vijayā monograph plate.

Record & context
representation
Conceptual, not to scale; not a measured or authenticated pharmacopoeial specimen.
taxon id
taxon-cannabis-sativa
structures
petiole · leaflet · serrate margin · vein
display scale
organ schematic
Follow the documented connections 2
has anatomical structure · to this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

Palmately compound leaf opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa L. — New South Wales Flora Online ↗

G. J. Harden; Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney 1990 · institutional flora description

species description inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Stem and leaflet morphology; achene enclosed in glandular bracts. Taxon concept is Flora of NSW 1 (1990); photographs were not reused.
specifies plant part · to this recordVijayā — the official index entry ↗

The Vijayā index specifies leaf material. The next record explains the leaf's botanical structure. Entry 78 specifies leaf. The full monograph remains unavailable; no microscopy, assay limits, dose or broader plant-part permission is inferred. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
Sources & access
Cannabis sativa L. — New South Wales Flora Online ↗

G. J. Harden; Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney 1990 · institutional flora description

species description inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Stem and leaflet morphology; achene enclosed in glandular bracts. Taxon concept is Flora of NSW 1 (1990); photographs were not reused.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: anatomy-leaf

anatomy / Botanical structure · source review 2026

Vascular tissues and bast fibres

A stem section separates xylem, cambium and phloem-associated fibres. The 2015 microscopy study followed how primary and secondary phloem fibres form bundles.

Reading note
Bast fibres are supporting cells, not all the conducting cells of phloem. Relative tissue thickness depends on the sampled position and developmental stage.

Original Figure 1 from the 2015 hemp fibre study, showing two sampled plant stages, stem positions and primary and secondary phloem fibre counts.

Original source image

Figure 1 locates the stem samples in two plant stages. The published layout connects a whole plant with the places where its fibres were counted.

Anastasia Snegireva, Tatyana Chernova, Marina Ageeva, Simcha Lev-Yadun and Tatyana Gorshkova · 2015 · CC BY 4.0

Specific samples and stages from this anatomical study; not universal hemp dimensions, a cultivation schedule or Mount Herbs sourcing evidence. Original labels and complete composition retained. The publisher JPEG is preserved byte-for-byte as the full image.

Published micrograph of a hemp stem cross-section with labels for primary and secondary fibres, cambium and xylem, and the original 50 micrometre scale bar.

Original source image

Original Figure 7: a stained hemp stem section from the 2015 anatomical study. Its labels and 50 µm scale bar remain visible.

Anastasia Snegireva, Tatyana Chernova, Marina Ageeva, Simcha Lev-Yadun and Tatyana Gorshkova · 2015 · CC BY 4.0

Original published JPEG, unchanged. This is one sampled stem section from a plant-anatomy study, not a universal tissue proportion, commercial quality test or clinical finding.

Record & context
representation
Conceptual, not to scale; not a measured or authenticated pharmacopoeial specimen.
taxon id
taxon-cannabis-sativa
structures
xylem · vascular cambium · phloem · bast fibre
display scale
schematic cross-section; no measured dimensions
Follow the documented connections 4
has anatomical structure · to this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

Vascular tissues and bast fibres opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
contains anatomical tissues · to this recordStem ↗

The stem record leads to a closer study of vascular tissues and supporting fibres. The anatomical study locates phloem fibres and vascular development within sampled stems. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
investigates anatomy · to this recordIntrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

“Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure” reports the anatomical observations discussed in Vascular tissues and bast fibres. The paper concerns fibre-cell development in stems, not a clinical or taxonomic trial. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
has documented material use context · from this recordIndigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

The anatomical record connects to a published field study of material uses. The field study reports fibre use; this contextual link is not a microscopic analysis of those community materials or evidence of a brand partnership. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Sources & access
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: anatomy-vascular

anatomy / Botanical structure · source review 2026

Male reproductive structures

Loose flower clusters bear stamens with hanging anthers. This is a different arrangement from the compact female inflorescence.

Reading note
Male and female structures are shown as separate comparative studies. Cannabis is often dioecious; the display does not imply every plant carries both.

Record & context
representation
Conceptual, not to scale; not a measured or authenticated pharmacopoeial specimen.
taxon id
taxon-cannabis-sativa
structures
staminate flower · anther · filament
display scale
separate reproductive inset
sex
staminate
Follow the documented connections 1
has anatomical structure · to this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

Male reproductive structures opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
Sources & access
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: anatomy-male-flower

anatomy / Botanical structure · source review 2026

Female reproductive structures

Compact clusters contain an ovary surrounded by an enclosing bracteole; slender stigmas emerge from the flower.

Reading note
An ovary, bracteole and stigma are different structures. The inset is anatomical interpretation, not medicinal identification or a cultivation instruction.

Record & context
representation
Conceptual, not to scale; not a measured or authenticated pharmacopoeial specimen.
taxon id
taxon-cannabis-sativa
structures
pistillate flower · ovary · bracteole · stigma
display scale
separate reproductive inset
sex
pistillate
Follow the documented connections 1
has anatomical structure · to this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

Female reproductive structures opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
Sources & access
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: anatomy-female-flower

anatomy / Botanical structure · source review 2026

Fruit and seed

The familiar whole hemp “seed” is botanically an achene: a dry fruit enclosing a seed. Fruit wall and seed are distinct layers.

Reading note
Seed-food descriptions do not establish cannabinoid concentrations, therapeutic effects or the composition of a Mount Herbs batch.

Record & context
representation
Conceptual, not to scale; not a measured or authenticated pharmacopoeial specimen.
taxon id
taxon-cannabis-sativa
structures
achene · fruit wall · seed
display scale
cutaway schematic
journey connection
The existing seed → oil and powder material study is a navigation link, not a tested manufacturing claim.
Follow the documented connections 3
investigates · to this recordEvaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

The documented relationship is “investigates”: Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method to Fruit and seed. The study compares seed-derived foods and processing contexts. Its sampled foods and rat-bioassay results do not establish the nutrition or health effects of a Mount Herbs product.

Evidence for this connection
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
has anatomical structure · to this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

Fruit and seed opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
has documented material use context · from this recordIndigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

The anatomical record connects to a published field study of material uses. The 2015–2017 field study reports seed use in a pooled local-use record. It establishes neither product sourcing, current prevalence nor efficacy. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Sources & access
Cannabis sativa — Flora descriptions in POWO ↗

B. Verdcourt (1975); C. M. Wilmot-Dear (1991); hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · institutional flora descriptions

Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca descriptions inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Sex-specific inflorescences, stamens, enclosing bracteole, ovary and fruit. Regional flora descriptions are not a specimen-specific measurement or medicinal standard.
Locator: Descriptions: Flora of Tropical East Africa (1975); Flora Zambesiaca (1991)
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: anatomy-fruit-seed

anatomy / Botanical structure · source review 2026

Glandular trichome

A small secretory structure has a cellular head and a storage space. The 2020 study distinguished stalked and sessile forms and linked their development with metabolite differences.

Reading note
Not every plant hair is glandular. Enlarged geometry is conceptual; sampled trichomes do not certify any product’s chemistry or clinical effects.

Record & context
representation
Conceptual, not to scale; not a measured or authenticated pharmacopoeial specimen.
taxon id
taxon-cannabis-sativa
structures
stalk · secretory disc · storage cavity
display scale
magnified schematic; not to scale
view qualification
Do not interpret glow or colour as a chemical assay.
Follow the documented connections 3
has anatomical structure · to this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

Glandular trichome opens an anatomical description of Cannabis sativa L. A documented structure within the taxon; schematic scale and variation remain explicit. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation ↗

Samuel J. Livingston; Teagen D. Quilichini; Judith K. Booth; Darren C. J. Wong; Kim H. Rensing; Jessica Laflamme-Yonkman; Simone D. Castellarin; Joerg Bohlmann; Jonathan E. Page; A. Lacey Samuels 2020 · original microscopy and metabolite study

publisher results, figures descriptions and full author line inspected; MEDLINE metadata retained · Checked 2026-10-26
Compares glandular-trichome forms and supports a developmental model. Livingston and Quilichini are credited as equal contributors; sampled varieties do not establish a universal chemical profile.
Locator: Results: secretory discs and floral maturation; co-first author note
investigates anatomy · to this recordCannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation ↗

“Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation” reports the anatomical observations discussed in Glandular trichome. The paper compares sampled glandular structures and metabolites; diagram colours are not assay results. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation ↗

Samuel J. Livingston; Teagen D. Quilichini; Judith K. Booth; Darren C. J. Wong; Kim H. Rensing; Jessica Laflamme-Yonkman; Simone D. Castellarin; Joerg Bohlmann; Jonathan E. Page; A. Lacey Samuels 2020 · original microscopy and metabolite study

publisher results, figures descriptions and full author line inspected; MEDLINE metadata retained · Checked 2026-10-26
Compares glandular-trichome forms and supports a developmental model. Livingston and Quilichini are credited as equal contributors; sampled varieties do not establish a universal chemical profile.
Locator: Results: secretory discs and floral maturation; co-first author note
has experimentally studied metabolism · from this recordFrom plant anatomy to cannabinoid biosynthesis ↗

Experiments on glandular trichomes provide the connection to this biosynthetic pathway. Expression, activity and reporter evidence supported the authors’ proposed THCA-synthase localization. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, the enzyme controlling marijuana psychoactivity, is secreted into the storage cavity of the glandular trichomes ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Futoshi Taura; Yumi Tanaka; Yu Ishikawa; Satoshi Morimoto; Yukihiro Shoyama 2005 · original enzyme-localization study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
The authors suggest THCA biosynthesis in the trichome storage cavity from expression, activity and reporter evidence. This is a scoped localization finding, not a universal whole-pathway map.
Sources & access
Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation ↗

Samuel J. Livingston; Teagen D. Quilichini; Judith K. Booth; Darren C. J. Wong; Kim H. Rensing; Jessica Laflamme-Yonkman; Simone D. Castellarin; Joerg Bohlmann; Jonathan E. Page; A. Lacey Samuels 2020 · original microscopy and metabolite study

publisher results, figures descriptions and full author line inspected; MEDLINE metadata retained · Checked 2026-10-26
Compares glandular-trichome forms and supports a developmental model. Livingston and Quilichini are credited as equal contributors; sampled varieties do not establish a universal chemical profile.
Locator: Results: secretory discs and floral maturation; co-first author note
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: anatomy-glandular-trichome

process / 2004–2005 experiments

From plant anatomy to cannabinoid biosynthesis

THCA synthase converts CBGA into THCA. Separate research located synthase activity in glandular-trichome storage cavities. This is one experimentally studied branch of plant metabolism.

Reading note
THCA and THC are distinct molecules. These experiments do not describe the whole biosynthetic network, endogenous human signalling or a method for making a product.

Record & context
substrate id
molecule-cbga
product id
molecule-thca
enzyme
THCA synthase
scope
Mechanistic overview; no protocol, yield, dosing or cultivation parameters
human eCS
false
Follow the documented connections 5
has experimentally studied metabolism · to this recordGlandular trichome ↗

Experiments on glandular trichomes provide the connection to this biosynthetic pathway. Expression, activity and reporter evidence supported the authors’ proposed THCA-synthase localization. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, the enzyme controlling marijuana psychoactivity, is secreted into the storage cavity of the glandular trichomes ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Futoshi Taura; Yumi Tanaka; Yu Ishikawa; Satoshi Morimoto; Yukihiro Shoyama 2005 · original enzyme-localization study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
The authors suggest THCA biosynthesis in the trichome storage cavity from expression, activity and reporter evidence. This is a scoped localization finding, not a universal whole-pathway map.
uses substrate · from this recordCannabigerolic acid ↗

The experimentally studied pathway uses Cannabigerolic acid as a substrate. CBGA is the substrate in the THCA-synthase reaction studied; no practical synthesis instructions are provided. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
forms product · from this recordΔ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A ↗

The experimentally studied pathway forms Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A; this is a chemical relationship. THCA is the enzyme reaction product. This edge does not mean direct enzymatic synthesis of neutral THC. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
characterizes enzyme · to this recordThe gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

This original study characterizes the enzyme in the selected biosynthetic pathway. The authors characterized THCA synthase; bibliographic titles retain their historical terminology. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
investigates localization · to this recordTetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, the enzyme controlling marijuana psychoactivity, is secreted into the storage cavity of the glandular trichomes ↗

This experiment investigates where the selected biosynthetic activity occurs. The authors investigated the enzyme’s glandular-trichome location, with the abstract’s evidential scope retained. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, the enzyme controlling marijuana psychoactivity, is secreted into the storage cavity of the glandular trichomes ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Futoshi Taura; Yumi Tanaka; Yu Ishikawa; Satoshi Morimoto; Yukihiro Shoyama 2005 · original enzyme-localization study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
The authors suggest THCA biosynthesis in the trichome storage cavity from expression, activity and reporter evidence. This is a scoped localization finding, not a universal whole-pathway map.
Sources & access
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, the enzyme controlling marijuana psychoactivity, is secreted into the storage cavity of the glandular trichomes ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Futoshi Taura; Yumi Tanaka; Yu Ishikawa; Satoshi Morimoto; Yukihiro Shoyama 2005 · original enzyme-localization study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
The authors suggest THCA biosynthesis in the trichome storage cavity from expression, activity and reporter evidence. This is a scoped localization finding, not a universal whole-pathway map.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: process-cannabinoid-biosynthesis

People and their verified work · 47

person / Selected contribution · 1964

Yehiel Gaoni

Coauthor with Raphael Mechoulam of the 1964 isolation, structure and partial-synthesis paper on an active hashish constituent.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

A sepia-toned portrait of Yehiel Gaoni wearing glasses.

Original source image

Yehiel Gaoni. His research record and the collaborative authorship of the original papers are presented separately.

Israeli photographer (name not supplied); source: Tami_GF / Wikimedia Commons · Photograph date unresolved in source metadata · CC BY-SA 4.0

Original JPEG, unchanged. The Commons page records permission from the creator’s heirs and VRT ticket 2025082910004167; this audit inspected the public confirmation, not the private correspondence. The page gives conflicting date fields, so no exact capture date is claimed. Contextual portrait; it does not document an experiment or imply endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIsolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni is a named author of “Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-yehiel-gaoni

person / Selected contribution · 1964

Raphael Mechoulam

A contributor to the 1964 THC paper and the collaborative 1992 anandamide and 1995 gut 2-AG studies. Each discovery retains its own author team.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Raphael Mechoulam standing in front of bookshelves, in a photograph credited to Tzahy.

Original source image

A portrait of Raphael Mechoulam. The papers in this record retain their full collaborative authorship.

Tzahy / Wikimedia Commons · Photograph date not independently verified · Reuse permitted with attribution by the copyright holder

The delivery WebP is resized and encoded without cropping or retouching; the original JPEG is retained unchanged for inspection. Contextual portrait; it does not document an experiment or imply endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 3
authored · from this recordIsolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Raphael Mechoulam is a named author of “Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · from this recordIsolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Raphael Mechoulam is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · from this recordIdentification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Raphael Mechoulam is a named author of “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-raphael-mechoulam

person / Selected contribution · 1988

William A. Devane

First author of the 1988 rat-brain receptor-binding study and the 1992 anandamide isolation paper. These are different experimental contributions.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Lumír Hanuš on the left and William Devane on the right, standing together in Dublin in 2009.

Original source image

Lumír Hanuš (left) and William Devane (right), Dublin, 2009. Their joint photograph was taken years after the 1992 anandamide paper.

Lumír Hanuš / Wikimedia Commons · 2009 (source caption) · Public domain, released by the copyright holder

Original JPEG, unchanged. The source identifies both researchers and releases the photograph into the public domain (PD-self). Keep the complete composition so the left/right identification remains clear. This is not a photograph of the discovery or evidence of endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · from this recordDetermination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

William A. Devane is a named author of “Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · from this recordIsolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

William A. Devane is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-william-devane

person / Selected contribution · 1992

Lumír Hanuš

Coauthor of the original anandamide isolation paper and the 1995 study identifying receptor-binding 2-AG from canine gut.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Lumír Hanuš on the left and William Devane on the right, standing together in Dublin in 2009.

Original source image

Lumír Hanuš (left) and William Devane (right), Dublin, 2009. Their joint photograph was taken years after the 1992 anandamide paper.

Lumír Hanuš / Wikimedia Commons · 2009 (source caption) · Public domain, released by the copyright holder

Original JPEG, unchanged. The source identifies both researchers and releases the photograph into the public domain (PD-self). Keep the complete composition so the left/right identification remains clear. This is not a photograph of the discovery or evidence of endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
aliases
Lumir Hanus · L. Hanuš
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · from this recordIsolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Lumír Hanuš is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · from this recordIdentification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Lumír Hanuš is a named author of “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-lumir-hanus

person / Selected contribution · 1992

Aviva Breuer

A named coauthor of the 1992 anandamide isolation and structure paper; her contribution remains visible within the ten-person author team.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIsolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Aviva Breuer is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-aviva-breuer

person / Selected contribution · 1992

Roger G. Pertwee

Coauthor of the 1992 anandamide paper, connecting chemical identification with cannabinoid-receptor pharmacology.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Speaker-profile portrait identifying Roger Pertwee.

Original source image

Speaker-profile portrait identifying Roger Pertwee.

British Association for Psychopharmacology; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. It does not imply endorsement, affiliation with Mount Herbs, or scientific approval. No retouching or upscaling performed. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · from this recordIsolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Roger G. Pertwee is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · from this recordIdentification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Roger G. Pertwee is a named author of “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-roger-pertwee

person / Selected contribution · 1990

Lisa A. Matsuda

First author of the five-author 1990 receptor-cDNA paper. Molecular cloning and functional expression were team work, distinct from later atomic structures.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordStructure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Lisa A. Matsuda is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-lisa-matsuda

person / Selected contribution · 1990

Stephen J. Lolait

Coauthor of the five-author 1990 receptor-cDNA paper. Molecular cloning and functional expression were team work, distinct from later atomic structures.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordStructure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Stephen J. Lolait is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-stephen-lolait

person / Selected contribution · 1990

Michael J. Brownstein

Coauthor of the five-author 1990 receptor-cDNA paper. Molecular cloning and functional expression were team work, distinct from later atomic structures.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Michael Brownstein, the NIH neuroscientist and Azevan co-founder, identified by the company team biography describing his NIMH and NHGRI work.

Original source image

Michael Brownstein, the NIH neuroscientist and Azevan co-founder, identified by the company team biography describing his NIMH and NHGRI work.

Azevan Pharmaceuticals; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Authentic source photograph for contextual identification. No endorsement, association or scientific approval implied. Full source composition retained; no generative alteration, retouching, face reconstruction or upscaling.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordStructure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Michael J. Brownstein is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-michael-brownstein

person / Selected contribution · 1990

Alice C. Young

Coauthor of the five-author 1990 receptor-cDNA paper. Molecular cloning and functional expression were team work, distinct from later atomic structures.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordStructure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Alice C. Young is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-alice-young

person / Selected contribution · 1990

Tom I. Bonner

Coauthor of the five-author 1990 receptor-cDNA paper. Molecular cloning and functional expression were team work, distinct from later atomic structures.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordStructure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Tom I. Bonner is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-tom-bonner

person / Selected contribution · 1993

Sean Munro

One of the three authors of the 1993 molecular characterization of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor now called CB2.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Sean Munro speaking and pointing with a handheld presentation pointer.

Original source image

Sean Munro, photographed in 2014. His role in cannabinoid-receptor research is documented in the linked publications.

Graywiki / Wikimedia Commons · 12 July 2014 (source record) · CC BY-SA 4.0

Photograph by Graywiki, CC BY-SA 4.0. The full composition is preserved: web versions are resized and encoded as WebP without cropping or retouching; the original JPEG remains unchanged. Source record reviewed at revision 1110229129. A contextual portrait, not a photograph of the 1993 discovery or an endorsement of Mount Herbs.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordMolecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Sean Munro is a named author of “Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Sources & access
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-sean-munro

person / Selected contribution · 1993

Kerrie L. Thomas

One of the three authors of the 1993 molecular characterization of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor now called CB2.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
aliases
K. L. Thomas
identity note
Publisher DOI metadata says Kerrie L. Thomas. “Kathy Thomas” in the supplied candidate roster is not the verified name.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordMolecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Kerrie L. Thomas is a named author of “Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Sources & access
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-kerrie-thomas

person / Selected contribution · 1993

Muna Abu-Shaar

One of the three authors of the 1993 molecular characterization of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor now called CB2.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordMolecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Muna Abu-Shaar is a named author of “Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Sources & access
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-muna-abu-shaar

person / Selected contribution · 1988

Allyn C. Howlett

Coauthor of the 1988 experimental characterization of cannabinoid binding sites in rat brain. The study names Devane, Dysarz, Johnson, Melvin and Howlett.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Institutional profile portrait identifying Allyn Howlett.

Original source image

Institutional profile portrait identifying Allyn Howlett.

Wake Forest University School of Medicine / Atrium Health; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. It does not imply endorsement, affiliation with Mount Herbs, or scientific approval. No retouching or upscaling performed. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordDetermination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Allyn C. Howlett is a named author of “Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Allyn Howlett — institutional faculty record ↗

Wake Forest University School of Medicine · institutional identity record

institutional record inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Reconciles Allyn Howlett’s name and field with A. C. Howlett on the 1988 paper. Self-described priority language is not adopted instead of the original author team.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-allyn-howlett

person / Selected contribution · 1995

Takayuki Sugiura

First author of the 1995 Japanese study proposing 2-AG as an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain preparations.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this record2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

Takayuki Sugiura is a named author of “2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

Sugiura and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

Sugiura and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
2-arachidonoylglycerol study — Teikyo institutional record ↗

Teikyo University 1995 · institutional publication record

Japanese institutional catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Reconciles the original paper’s initials with Takayuki Sugiura, Sachiko Kondo, Akihiro Sukagawa, Shinji Nakane, Akira Shinoda, Kiyoko Itoh, Atsushi Yamashita and Keizo Waku.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-takayuki-sugiura

person / Selected contribution · 2017

J. Helen Cross

Coauthor of the multicentre 2017 Dravet syndrome randomized trial of pharmaceutical cannabidiol added to existing treatment.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Officer-profile portrait identifying Helen Cross.

Original source image

Officer-profile portrait identifying Helen Cross.

Epilepsy Research Institute; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. It does not imply endorsement, affiliation with Mount Herbs, or scientific approval. No retouching or upscaling performed. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
affiliations
name: University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; date: 2017 paper affiliation
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordTrial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

J. Helen Cross is a named author of “Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-j-helen-cross

person / Selected contribution · 2017

Ingrid E. Scheffer

Coauthor of the 2017 Dravet trial. The study provides a specific formulation, patient group, comparator and adverse-event record.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Ingrid Scheffer wearing glasses and a white jacket with blue floral embroidery, in her Royal Society portrait.

Original source image

Ingrid Scheffer in a Royal Society portrait. Her clinical research is documented separately in the linked studies.

The Royal Society; uploaded by Duncan.Hull / Wikimedia Commons · 13 July 2018 (source record) · CC BY-SA 3.0, Royal Society permission statement

Original 576 × 864 JPEG, unchanged. The source summary records Royal Society permission under CC BY-SA 3.0 and public VRT confirmation 2014062710019796; a separate uploader block says CC BY-SA 4.0. This record retains the originating institution’s CC BY-SA 3.0 attribution rather than inferring a broader grant. Private correspondence was not inspected. Embedded camera metadata does not increase the downloaded file’s native resolution. Portrait use does not imply endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
affiliations
name: Florey Institute, Austin Health and Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne; date: 2017 paper affiliation
orcid
0000-0002-2311-2174
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordTrial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Ingrid E. Scheffer is a named author of “Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-ingrid-scheffer

person / Selected contribution · 2017

Elizabeth A. Thiele

Coauthor of the 2017 Dravet study and first author of the 2020 online tuberous-sclerosis trial. These distinct studies must not be collapsed into a claim about all cannabis.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Elizabeth A. Thiele, identified on the Gill Institute 2022 awardee page as affiliated with Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School.

Original source image

Elizabeth A. Thiele, identified on the Gill Institute 2022 awardee page as affiliated with Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School.

Indiana University Gill Institute for Neuroscience; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Authentic source photograph for contextual identification. No endorsement, association or scientific approval implied. Full source composition retained; no generative alteration, retouching, face reconstruction or upscaling.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
affiliations
name: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; date: 2017 paper affiliation
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · from this recordTrial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Elizabeth A. Thiele is a named author of “Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · from this recordAdd-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial ↗

Elizabeth A. Thiele is a named author of “Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Tuberous sclerosis trial · JAMA Neurology · online 2020 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Sources & access
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Tuberous sclerosis trial · JAMA Neurology · online 2020 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-elizabeth-thiele

person / Selected contribution · 2019

Yasmin L. Hurd

First author of an exploratory 2019 placebo-controlled study of cue-induced craving and anxiety in drug-abstinent people with heroin use disorder.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Yasmin Hurd wearing a dark jacket and white collar, photographed against a neutral background.

Original source image

Yasmin Hurd, photographed in 2015. The findings and limits of her research remain attached to the original studies.

Droldn / Wikimedia Commons · 2 May 2015 (source record) · CC BY-SA 4.0

Original JPEG, unchanged. The Commons contributor credits this as their own work. This portrait does not depict a trial, establish a treatment benefit or imply endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
affiliations
name: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai; date: 2019 paper affiliations
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordCannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial ↗

Yasmin L. Hurd is a named author of “Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial ↗

Yasmin L. Hurd; Sharron Spriggs; Julia Alishayev; Gary Winkel; Kristina Gurgov; Chris Kudrich; Anna M. Oprescu; Edwin Salsitz 2019 · original clinical study

MEDLINE record and abstract via Europe PMC inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Exploratory randomized study of cue-induced craving/anxiety. Short observation and surrogate outcomes do not establish prevention of relapse or a licensed treatment.
Sources & access
Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial ↗

Yasmin L. Hurd; Sharron Spriggs; Julia Alishayev; Gary Winkel; Kristina Gurgov; Chris Kudrich; Anna M. Oprescu; Edwin Salsitz 2019 · original clinical study

MEDLINE record and abstract via Europe PMC inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Exploratory randomized study of cue-induced craving/anxiety. Short observation and surrogate outcomes do not establish prevention of relapse or a licensed treatment.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-yasmin-hurd

person / Selected contribution · 2018

Sumati Rathore

Coauthor of the 2018 Manikaran Valley ethnobotanical study, based on field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017. Community knowledge remains attributed to its holders.

Reading note
Published authorship establishes participation in the cited field study, not each person’s interview role. Reported practices are not clinical findings or a Mount Herbs sourcing relationship.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
affiliations
name: G. B. Pant Himalayan institute, Himachal centre / unit; date: Institutional name as recorded for the 2018 publication; not a current position
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIndigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore is a named author of “Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Sources & access
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-sumati-rathore

person / Selected contribution · 2018

Sarla Shashni

Coauthor of the 2018 Manikaran Valley ethnobotanical study, based on field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017. Community knowledge remains attributed to its holders.

Reading note
Published authorship establishes participation in the cited field study, not each person’s interview role. Reported practices are not clinical findings or a Mount Herbs sourcing relationship.

Sarla Shashni, in the portrait on her institutional profile.

Original source image

Sarla Shashni, in the portrait on her institutional profile.

G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. No Mount Herbs endorsement or affiliation implied. No retouching or upscaling. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
affiliations
name: G. B. Pant Himalayan institute, Himachal centre / unit; date: Institutional name as recorded for the 2018 publication; not a current position
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIndigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sarla Shashni is a named author of “Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Sources & access
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-sarla-shashni

person / Selected contribution · 2018

Sher Singh Samant

Coauthor of the 2018 Manikaran Valley ethnobotanical study, based on field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017. Community knowledge remains attributed to its holders.

Reading note
Published authorship establishes participation in the cited field study, not each person’s interview role. Reported practices are not clinical findings or a Mount Herbs sourcing relationship.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
affiliations
name: G. B. Pant Himalayan institute, Himachal centre / unit; date: Institutional name as recorded for the 2018 publication; not a current position
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIndigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sher Singh Samant is a named author of “Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Sources & access
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-sher-singh-samant

person / Selected contribution · 2018

Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal

Coauthor of the 2018 Manikaran Valley ethnobotanical study, based on field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017. Community knowledge remains attributed to its holders.

Reading note
Published authorship establishes participation in the cited field study, not each person’s interview role. Reported practices are not clinical findings or a Mount Herbs sourcing relationship.

R. C. Sundriyal, in the portrait accompanying his university biography. The source identifies his GB Pant and HNB Garhwal University career.

Original source image

R. C. Sundriyal, in the portrait accompanying his university biography. The source identifies his GB Pant and HNB Garhwal University career.

Sparsh Himalaya University; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. It does not imply endorsement, affiliation with Mount Herbs, or scientific approval. No retouching or upscaling performed. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
affiliations
name: G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal; date: Institutional name as recorded for the 2018 publication; not a current position
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIndigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal is a named author of “Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Sources & access
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-rakesh-chandra-sundriyal

person / Selected contribution · 2013

Robert C. Clarke

Coauthor with Mark D. Merlin of the 2013 first edition of Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany, an interdisciplinary synthesis of plant and human histories.

Reading note
The selected edition credits both coauthors. It does not assign individual chapters or fieldwork to either person; the synthesis is not a final taxonomic consensus or a complete biography.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordCannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany ↗

Robert C. Clarke is a named author of “Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany — first edition eBook ↗

University of California Press 2013 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
September 2013 first edition; Robert Clarke and Mark Merlin; electronic ISBN 9780520954571. Publisher description, not a chapter-by-chapter critical review.
Sources & access
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany — first edition eBook ↗

University of California Press 2013 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
September 2013 first edition; Robert Clarke and Mark Merlin; electronic ISBN 9780520954571. Publisher description, not a chapter-by-chapter critical review.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-robert-clarke

person / Selected contribution · 2013

Mark D. Merlin

Coauthor with Robert C. Clarke of Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany. The book places botanical and cultural evidence within a shared historical account.

Reading note
The selected edition credits both coauthors. It does not assign individual chapters or fieldwork to either person; the synthesis is not a final taxonomic consensus or a complete biography.

Mark Merlin standing behind an Oʻahu relief map, as identified by the university caption. Environmental portrait, not a reconstruction of his research.

Original source image

Mark Merlin standing behind an Oʻahu relief map, as identified by the university caption. Environmental portrait, not a reconstruction of his research.

University of Hawaiʻi News; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. It does not imply endorsement, affiliation with Mount Herbs, or scientific approval. No retouching or upscaling performed. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordCannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany ↗

Mark D. Merlin is a named author of “Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany — first edition eBook ↗

University of California Press 2013 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
September 2013 first edition; Robert Clarke and Mark Merlin; electronic ISBN 9780520954571. Publisher description, not a chapter-by-chapter critical review.
Sources & access
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany — first edition eBook ↗

University of California Press 2013 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
September 2013 first edition; Robert Clarke and Mark Merlin; electronic ISBN 9780520954571. Publisher description, not a chapter-by-chapter critical review.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-mark-merlin

person / Books and selected contributions

Ed Rosenthal

Ed Rosenthal writes, edits and publishes books about cannabis. His work moves between broad horticultural references, focused garden guides, photography and the politics surrounding the plant.

His official biography traces the Ask Ed advice column and his publishing work. The books below show why the individual credit matters: Rosenthal appears as an author, coauthor, editor or photographer, depending on the title. A general handbook, an account of India and a policy argument ask different questions. Follow each book to its edition, collaborators and original record.

Reading note
The selected edition establishes credited authorship. It does not establish medical authority, assign individual sections to a coauthor or authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction.

Ed Rosenthal beside a cannabis plant in the portrait supplied on Wikimedia Commons.

Original source image

Ed Rosenthal, photographed in 2015. This portrait accompanies the author record; the book edition has its own bibliographic evidence.

Dabsel Adams (filename credit); uploaded as own work by Cannaman201 / Wikimedia Commons · 14 December 2015 (source record) · CC BY-SA 4.0

The delivery WebP is resized and encoded without cropping or retouching; the original JPEG is retained unchanged for inspection. Both versions retain the CC BY-SA 4.0 attribution. Portrait use does not imply endorsement or legal permission to cultivate.

THE AUTHOR’S BOOKS

A shelf, by subject.

Start with the kind of book you want to understand. Broad handbooks sit beside question-led guides, collaborative books, photographs and historical arguments. Open a title for its exact credit and edition.

19 verified catalogue records · checked 2026-10-28

The broad handbooks

Keep similarly named books and their editions separate.

Questions from the garden

Focused references and the advice-column tradition.

Harvest and changing preparations

Read the subjects and collaborators; this library does not reproduce processing instructions.

Photographs, varieties, history and public debate

Different records of the plant’s place in society.

This is a checked selection from the current official catalogue, its eBook and bundle pages, and identified historical records. It is not every translation, printing or contribution. Books by other authors sold in the same shop are not attributed to Rosenthal.

External links lead to Ed Rosenthal’s website. On 28 October 2026 the shop stated US-only shipping. Check availability, editions and delivery there; Mount Herbs does not sell or fulfil these books.

Browse the official bookshop ↗

Instagram

Instagram · @edrosenthal420

Linked from the author’s official website. Account source ↗. Links do not imply an association with Mount Herbs.

Instagram restricts this profile for some visitors. Its feed is not embedded here; open the profile directly.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 19
authored · from this recordCannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
authored · from this recordMarijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana Cultivation ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana Cultivation”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
Ed Rosenthal’s Autographed Canna Library — official bundle ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: collection contents
authored · from this recordMarijuana Growers Guide ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Growers Guide”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Growing with Ed Rosenthal — author-hosted interview ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: author-hosted interview: discussion of collaboration with Mel Frank and the 1978 review
authored · from this recordCloset Cultivator ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Closet Cultivator”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Wellcome supplies[1991]; preserve this bibliographic qualification.

Evidence for this connection
Closet Cultivator — bibliographic record ↗

Wellcome Collection · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Wellcome supplies[1991]; preserve this bibliographic qualification.
Locator: Publication/Creation and Contributors; date supplied in square brackets by catalogue
authored · from this recordAsk Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
authored · from this recordMarijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Do not conflate the earlier J.C. Stitch edition edited by Rosenthal with this cover, which credits Ed Rosenthal.

Evidence for this connection
Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Do not conflate the earlier J.C. Stitch edition edited by Rosenthal with this cover, which credits Ed Rosenthal.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
authored · from this recordProtect Your Garden ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Protect Your Garden”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Protect Your Garden — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
authored · from this recordMarijuana Pest and Disease Control ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Pest and Disease Control”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Growing with Ed Rosenthal — author-hosted interview ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: author-hosted interview: discussion of collaboration with Mel Frank and the 1978 review
Marijuana Pest and Disease Control — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: NAL-provided record:2012; Ed Rosenthal with Kathy Imbriani;ISBN
authored · from this recordMarijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Opening attribution explicitly names Ed Rosenthal and David Downs
David Downs — author’s résumé ↗

David Downs · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Freelance Journalist, Author paragraph: coauthor of Marijuana Harvest(2017)
authored · from this recordBeyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and Medicines ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Beyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and Medicines”. The source identifies this specific contribution. David Downs identifies his contribution and2014 publication on his own resume; complete edition ISBN remains unverified.

Evidence for this connection
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
David Downs — author’s résumé ↗

David Downs · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Freelance Journalist, Author paragraph: coauthor of Marijuana Harvest(2017)
authored · from this recordBeyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Title and interview with coauthor Greg Zeman
photographed · from this recordGanja in India ↗

The documented relationship is “photographed”: Ed Rosenthal to Ganja in India. The source identifies this specific contribution. 1981 is the date of the photographs, not a verified publication date.

Evidence for this connection
Ganja in India — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 1981 is the date of the photographs, not a verified publication date.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
authored · from this recordThe Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

WorldCat / OCLC · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Authors, print book, copyright2001, Quick American Archives
authored · from this recordBig Book of Buds 2 ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Big Book of Buds 2”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Ed Rosenthal’s Autographed Canna Library — official bundle ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: collection contents
authored · from this recordThe Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

WorldCat / OCLC · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Summary identifies third volume; author and ebook publication record2007
edited · from this recordBig Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders ↗

The documented relationship is “edited”: Ed Rosenthal to Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders. The source identifies this specific contribution. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.

Evidence for this connection
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

Ingram Content Group · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
Locator: September2016 Advance catalogue,page79; editor,title,ISBN; date is catalogue-year evidence
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

Blink / Scott Idleman · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
Locator: Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: author,publisher,book-design credits
edited · from this recordHemp Today ↗

The documented relationship is “edited”: Ed Rosenthal to Hemp Today. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Hemp Today — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Bibliographic information: edited by Ed Rosenthal; Quick American Archives; 1994; ISBN
authored · from this recordWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Why Marijuana Should Be Legal”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Why Marijuana Should Be Legal — bibliographic record ↗

Hachette Book Group · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Byline; on-sale date; ISBN-13; publisher
authored · from this recordMarijuana Medical Handbook ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Medical Handbook”. The source identifies this specific contribution. This is the library’s 1997 item. Later editions have different collaborators; do not merge their attribution.

Evidence for this connection
Marijuana Medical Handbook — bibliographic record ↗

BC Cancer Library · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. This is the library’s 1997 item. Later editions have different collaborators; do not merge their attribution.
Locator: Books: QV766 R815 1997; ISBN0932551165; listed authors
Sources & access
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
Cannabis Grower’s Handbook — author’s catalogue ↗

Ed Rosenthal 2021 · author catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Establishes the work and its horticultural scope. Current storefront artwork says third printing; this does not establish a new edition.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
About Ed Rosenthal — official biography ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
First-party account identifies author, educator, activist, the Ask Ed column and Quick Trading Publishing. Promotional rankings and sales totals are not adopted.
Locator: Opening biography; Ask Ed column paragraph; Marijuana innovator section
Ed Rosenthal — official bookshop ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
The snapshot contains 26 listings: 19 standalone books, four bundles, two hats and an eBook directory. Shop presence is not Ed Rosenthal authorship. The shop states US-only shipping; stock and checkout availability were not verified.
Locator: Complete shop listing and shipping notice, checked 28 October 2026
Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: NAL-provided bibliographic record: coauthors, title,2021,ISBN9781936807543
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
Ed Rosenthal’s Autographed Canna Library — official bundle ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: collection contents
Growing with Ed Rosenthal — author-hosted interview ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: author-hosted interview: discussion of collaboration with Mel Frank and the 1978 review
Closet Cultivator — bibliographic record ↗

Wellcome Collection · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Wellcome supplies[1991]; preserve this bibliographic qualification.
Locator: Publication/Creation and Contributors; date supplied in square brackets by catalogue
Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Do not conflate the earlier J.C. Stitch edition edited by Rosenthal with this cover, which credits Ed Rosenthal.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Protect Your Garden — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Marijuana Pest and Disease Control — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: NAL-provided record:2012; Ed Rosenthal with Kathy Imbriani;ISBN
Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Opening attribution explicitly names Ed Rosenthal and David Downs
David Downs — author’s résumé ↗

David Downs · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Freelance Journalist, Author paragraph: coauthor of Marijuana Harvest(2017)
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Title and interview with coauthor Greg Zeman
Ganja in India — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 1981 is the date of the photographs, not a verified publication date.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

WorldCat / OCLC · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Authors, print book, copyright2001, Quick American Archives
The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

WorldCat / OCLC · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Summary identifies third volume; author and ebook publication record2007
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

Ingram Content Group · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
Locator: September2016 Advance catalogue,page79; editor,title,ISBN; date is catalogue-year evidence
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

Blink / Scott Idleman · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
Locator: Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: author,publisher,book-design credits
Hemp Today — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Bibliographic information: edited by Ed Rosenthal; Quick American Archives; 1994; ISBN
Why Marijuana Should Be Legal — bibliographic record ↗

Hachette Book Group · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Byline; on-sale date; ISBN-13; publisher
Marijuana Medical Handbook — bibliographic record ↗

BC Cancer Library · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. This is the library’s 1997 item. Later editions have different collaborators; do not merge their attribution.
Locator: Books: QV766 R815 1997; ISBN0932551165; listed authors
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

2026-10-28 · Expanded bounded bibliography from official product pages, eBook directory, author-hosted interviews and named institutional or publisher catalogues.

Record ID: person-ed-rosenthal

person / Selected contribution · 2021

Robert Flannery

Coauthor credited in the institutional catalogue for the 2021 Cannabis Grower’s Handbook, alongside Ed Rosenthal and Angela Bacca.

Reading note
The selected edition establishes credited authorship. It does not establish medical authority, assign individual sections to a coauthor or authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction.

Associated company account

Associated company account · @dr_robb_farms

Company account linked by Robert Flannery’s own professional profile; not a personal account. Account source ↗. Links do not imply an association with Mount Herbs.

Instagram restricts this profile for some visitors. Its feed is not embedded here; open the profile directly.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordCannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation ↗

Robert Flannery is a named author of “Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
Sources & access
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-robert-flannery

person / Selected contribution · 2021

Angela Bacca

Coauthor credited on the 2021 Cannabis Grower’s Handbook. The bibliography preserves her authorship instead of attributing the whole book to its best-known name.

Reading note
The selected edition establishes credited authorship. It does not establish medical authority, assign individual sections to a coauthor or authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction.

Instagram

Instagram · @angela_bacca

Identified in the interview publisher’s Follow Angela links. Account source ↗. Links do not imply an association with Mount Herbs.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordCannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation ↗

Angela Bacca is a named author of “Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
Sources & access
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-angela-bacca

person / Selected contribution · 2019

Chris S. Duvall

Author of The African Roots of Marijuana, which examines African agency, historical geography and racial assumptions in accounts of cannabis.

Reading note
This profile identifies the author and subject of a historical work. Its catalogue description does not verify every route, date or interpretation developed in the book.

Chris S. Duvall, the geographer and author of The African Roots of Marijuana, identified by his University of New Mexico profile.

Original source image

Chris S. Duvall, the geographer and author of The African Roots of Marijuana, identified by his University of New Mexico profile.

University of New Mexico; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Authentic source photograph for contextual identification. No endorsement, association or scientific approval implied. Full source composition retained; no generative alteration, retouching, face reconstruction or upscaling.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
geography note
Region names the subject of the cited book, not the author’s nationality.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordThe African Roots of Marijuana ↗

Chris S. Duvall is a named author of “The African Roots of Marijuana”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
The African Roots of Marijuana ↗

Duke University Press 2019 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Chris S. Duvall; June 2019; paperback ISBN 9781478003946. Documents the book’s historical/geographic subject and its challenge to racialized accounts.
Sources & access
The African Roots of Marijuana ↗

Duke University Press 2019 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Chris S. Duvall; June 2019; paperback ISBN 9781478003946. Documents the book’s historical/geographic subject and its challenge to racialized accounts.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-chris-duvall

person / Selected contribution · 2017

Emily Dufton

Historian and author of Grass Roots, a study of United States marijuana activism and opposition across changing political coalitions.

Reading note
The cited book establishes this contribution to policy history. A historical account of advocacy is not current legal advice or clinical evidence.

Portrait of historian Emily Dufton, credited to Mike Kepka on the author’s About page.

Original source image

Portrait of historian Emily Dufton, credited to Mike Kepka on the author’s About page.

Mike Kepka, credited on Emily Dufton’s author website · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. It does not imply endorsement, affiliation with Mount Herbs, or scientific approval. No retouching or upscaling performed. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Instagram

Instagram · @doctor_dufton

Linked from the author’s official website. Account source ↗. Links do not imply an association with Mount Herbs.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordGrass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America ↗

Emily Dufton is a named author of “Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America ↗

Basic Books / Hachette Book Group 2017 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Emily Dufton; 5 December 2017; eBook ISBN 9780465096176. Examines pro- and anti-legalization organizing; dated publisher copy is not current law.
Sources & access
Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America ↗

Basic Books / Hachette Book Group 2017 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Emily Dufton; 5 December 2017; eBook ISBN 9780465096176. Examines pro- and anti-legalization organizing; dated publisher copy is not current law.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-emily-dufton

person / Selected contribution · 2024

Patricia Sauthoff

Author of the 2024 chapter Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy, examining medieval texts and the problems of historical plant identification.

Reading note
This profile concerns the cited historical scholarship. Interpreting a medical text does not authenticate every ancient plant name or establish modern treatment efficacy.

Institutional profile portrait identifying Patricia Sauthoff.

Original source image

Institutional profile portrait identifying Patricia Sauthoff.

Hong Kong Baptist University; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. It does not imply endorsement, affiliation with Mount Herbs, or scientific approval. No retouching or upscaling performed. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · from this recordCannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff is a named author of “Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
studies · from this recordĀnandakanda — reading through scholarship ↗

The documented relationship is “studies”: Patricia Sauthoff to Ānandakanda — reading through scholarship. Modern scholarly interpretation; passage-level primary verification remains pending.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy — institutional publication record ↗

Hong Kong Baptist University 2024 · institutional publication record

metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Confirms Patricia Sauthoff, chapter 6, pages 165–179, 17 May 2024 and DOI 10.11588/hasp.1386.c20158. Original chapter remains canonical source indianAlchemy2024.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-patricia-sauthoff

person / Selected contribution · 2017

E. Joseph Brand

Coauthor with Zhongzhen Zhao of a 2017 scholarly review of cannabis in Chinese medical literature and its possible relationships to modern cannabinoid research.

Reading note
This profile concerns the cited historical scholarship. Interpreting a medical text does not authenticate every ancient plant name or establish modern treatment efficacy.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordCannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand is a named author of “Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids?”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-joseph-brand

person / Selected contribution · 2017

Zhongzhen Zhao

Coauthor with E. Joseph Brand of the 2017 review connecting historical Chinese materia medica, plant-part terminology and modern research questions.

Reading note
This profile concerns the cited historical scholarship. Interpreting a medical text does not authenticate every ancient plant name or establish modern treatment efficacy.

Zhongzhen Zhao, identified by the institutional staff image title.

Original source image

Zhongzhen Zhao, identified by the institutional staff image title.

Hong Kong Baptist University School of Chinese Medicine; photographer not stated · Photograph date not verified; source checked 1 November 2026 · Copyright retained by respective rights holders; no open licence or permission has been established

Original source photograph for biographical identification. It does not imply endorsement, affiliation with Mount Herbs, or scientific approval. No retouching or upscaling performed. Full source composition retained; delivery copies are resized and encoded as WebP without retouching.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordCannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

Zhongzhen Zhao is a named author of “Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids?”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-zhongzhen-zhao

person / Selected contribution · 2009

Yuichiro Kudo

First author of the eight-author 2009 study directly radiocarbon-dating hemp fruits from Okinoshima. It provides dated botanical evidence, not an eyewitness account.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordRadiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo is a named author of “Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-yuichiro-kudo

person / Selected contribution · 2009

Makiko Kobayashi

Coauthor of the 2009 Okinoshima hemp-fruit radiocarbon study. The record preserves the whole research team and separates specimen age from publication date.

Reading note
This profile establishes the cited scientific contribution only. Team authorship does not identify each individual’s experimental task; it is not a complete biography or an endorsement.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordRadiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Makiko Kobayashi is a named author of “Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-makiko-kobayashi

person / Selected contribution · 1970

R. Keith Stroup

NORML’s own organizational biography credits Stroup with founding it in 1970. His entry concerns public advocacy and legal-reform organizing.

Reading note
This profile follows a first-party organizational account of advocacy. It is not independent medical evidence, a complete biography or an endorsement of Mount Herbs.

Keith Stroup speaking at a lectern at the NORML conference in 1998.

Original source image

Keith Stroup at the 1998 NORML conference. This image belongs to his advocacy history.

Carolmooredc / Wikimedia Commons · 1 October 1998 (source record) · CC BY-SA 3.0

Original JPEG, unchanged. CC BY-SA 3.0 is the selected reuse option from the source’s multiple licences. Advocacy, medicinal evidence and present-day authorization remain separate. This photograph does not imply endorsement of Mount Herbs.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
evidence type
First-party organizational attribution; not medical evidence
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in · from this recordR. Keith Stroup, JD — NORML organizational biography ↗

The documented relationship is “documented in”: R. Keith Stroup to R. Keith Stroup, JD — NORML organizational biography. First-party organizational biography; not Stroup’s authorship of the page and not independent clinical evidence.

Evidence for this connection
R. Keith Stroup, JD — NORML organizational biography ↗

NORML · first-party advocacy record

organization page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
NORML attributes its founding in 1970 to Stroup. This is an organizational account of advocacy, not independent medical evidence or an endorsement.
Sources & access
R. Keith Stroup, JD — NORML organizational biography ↗

NORML · first-party advocacy record

organization page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
NORML attributes its founding in 1970 to Stroup. This is an organizational account of advocacy, not independent medical evidence or an endorsement.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-keith-stroup

person / Selected contribution · 1978

Bob Marley

A 1978 interview catalogued by France’s audiovisual archive records Marley discussing the Wailers and Rastafari. This is a cultural-history entry.

Reading note
The archive identifies the interview subject and context. No transcript was verified; no quotation, medical authority or endorsement of Mount Herbs is inferred.

Black-and-white photograph of Bob Marley singing into a microphone while holding a guitar at the Hallenstadion in Zürich.

Original source image

Bob Marley at the Hallenstadion, Zürich, 30 May 1980. This is a different performance from the 1978 One Love Peace Concert discussed in the record.

Ueli Frey / Wikimedia Commons · 30 May 1980 · CC BY-SA 3.0

Original 600 × 497 JPEG, unchanged. The source records public VRT confirmation 2007040610018101 and the migrated CC BY-SA 3.0 reuse option for this exact photograph; it is not permission for the photographer’s other images. Private correspondence was not inspected. No invented detail or endorsement is implied.

Official legacy account

Official legacy account · @bobmarley

Linked from the official Bob Marley website. An official legacy account, not a personal voice. Account source ↗. Links do not imply an association with Mount Herbs.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
evidence type
Archival interview metadata; no interview transcript verified
endorsement
No connection with or endorsement of Mount Herbs is claimed.
Follow the documented connections 1
interview subject · from this recordEntretien avec Bob Marley ↗

The documented relationship is “interview subject”: Bob Marley to Entretien avec Bob Marley. The archive identifies the interview subject; this is not a medical contribution or endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Entretien avec Bob Marley — 1978 archival interview record ↗

Institut national de l’audiovisuel; French Ministry of Culture catalogue 1978 · audiovisual archive metadata

institutional catalogue inspected; interview not transcribed · Checked 2026-10-26
Catalogues a Paris interview about the Wailers and Rastafari. French metadata is preserved; no dialogue, music or portrait is reproduced.
Sources & access
Entretien avec Bob Marley — 1978 archival interview record ↗

Institut national de l’audiovisuel; French Ministry of Culture catalogue 1978 · audiovisual archive metadata

institutional catalogue inspected; interview not transcribed · Checked 2026-10-26
Catalogues a Paris interview about the Wailers and Rastafari. French metadata is preserved; no dialogue, music or portrait is reproduced.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-bob-marley

person / Selected contribution · 2025

Adam Bremer-McCollum

Author of a 2025 Harvard research reflection on Arabic cannabis texts, vocabulary and the competing voices of poets, historians and jurists.

Reading note
The cited reflection establishes a contribution to textual scholarship. It is not an authenticated edition of every text discussed, a clinical source or a complete biography.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordJust Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum is a named author of “Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum · Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions 2025 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum · Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions 2025 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: person-adam-bremer-mccollum

person / Selected contribution · 2010

James D. House

Coauthor of the 2010 study comparing composition and protein quality across sampled hemp-seed foods. This contribution connects seed processing with the interpretation of food research.

Reading note
The original article names all three coauthors but does not assign their individual experimental tasks in the inspected abstract. No current affiliation, complete biography, nutrition advice, Mount Herbs role or endorsement is claimed.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
geography note
Western Canada identifies the study’s reported food-source context, not the coauthor’s nationality or current workplace.
experimental scope
Food-composition study with rat-bioassay protein-digestibility testing; not a human feeding trial.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordEvaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House is a named author of “Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
Sources & access
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
Presentation scope

Hemp seed foods · food-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-04. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-11-04 · Verified the coauthor line in the original article’s PubMed record. No portrait or unverified biographical detail added.

Record ID: person-james-house

person / Selected contribution · 2010

Jason Neufeld

Coauthor of the 2010 study comparing composition and protein quality across sampled hemp-seed foods. This contribution connects seed processing with the interpretation of food research.

Reading note
The original article names all three coauthors but does not assign their individual experimental tasks in the inspected abstract. No current affiliation, complete biography, nutrition advice, Mount Herbs role or endorsement is claimed.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
geography note
Western Canada identifies the study’s reported food-source context, not the coauthor’s nationality or current workplace.
experimental scope
Food-composition study with rat-bioassay protein-digestibility testing; not a human feeding trial.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordEvaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

Jason Neufeld is a named author of “Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
Sources & access
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
Presentation scope

Hemp seed foods · food-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-04. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-11-04 · Verified the coauthor line in the original article’s PubMed record. No portrait or unverified biographical detail added.

Record ID: person-jason-neufeld

person / Selected contribution · 2010

Gero Leson

Coauthor of the 2010 study comparing composition and protein quality across sampled hemp-seed foods. This contribution connects seed processing with the interpretation of food research.

Reading note
The original article names all three coauthors but does not assign their individual experimental tasks in the inspected abstract. No current affiliation, complete biography, nutrition advice, Mount Herbs role or endorsement is claimed.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
geography note
Western Canada identifies the study’s reported food-source context, not the coauthor’s nationality or current workplace.
experimental scope
Food-composition study with rat-bioassay protein-digestibility testing; not a human feeding trial.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordEvaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

Gero Leson is a named author of “Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
Sources & access
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
Presentation scope

Hemp seed foods · food-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-04. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-11-04 · Verified the coauthor line in the original article’s PubMed record. No portrait or unverified biographical detail added.

Record ID: person-gero-leson

person / 2015 phloem-fibre study

Anastasia Snegireva

Anastasia Snegireva is a coauthor of the 2015 study of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stems. The team's microscopy connects the stem's internal anatomy with the formation of fibre bundles.

Reading note
This record establishes authorship of one paper. The byline does not assign individual experimental tasks. No current affiliation, biography, portrait, Mount Herbs role or endorsement is inferred. The study does not verify commercial fibre quality or the origin of a brand product.

Record & context
contribution
Coauthor of the existing 2015 phloem-fibre study; individual experimental role not assigned.
review scope
Original paper byline and publication details rechecked 5 November 2026. No new experimental finding admitted.
source locator
PMC4512043: complete five-author byline; AoB PLANTS 7:plv061, published 27 May 2015.
portrait status
No portrait admitted; follow the published work.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIntrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Sources & access
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-05. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-11-05 · Connected a named coauthor to the existing study after original-byline verification; no inferred experimental role, current affiliation or portrait.

Record ID: person-anastasia-snegireva

person / 2015 phloem-fibre study

Tatyana Chernova

Tatyana Chernova is a coauthor of the 2015 study of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stems. The team's microscopy connects the stem's internal anatomy with the formation of fibre bundles.

Reading note
This record establishes authorship of one paper. The byline does not assign individual experimental tasks. No current affiliation, biography, portrait, Mount Herbs role or endorsement is inferred. The study does not verify commercial fibre quality or the origin of a brand product.

Record & context
contribution
Coauthor of the existing 2015 phloem-fibre study; individual experimental role not assigned.
review scope
Original paper byline and publication details rechecked 5 November 2026. No new experimental finding admitted.
source locator
PMC4512043: complete five-author byline; AoB PLANTS 7:plv061, published 27 May 2015.
portrait status
No portrait admitted; follow the published work.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIntrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Tatyana Chernova is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Sources & access
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-05. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-11-05 · Connected a named coauthor to the existing study after original-byline verification; no inferred experimental role, current affiliation or portrait.

Record ID: person-tatyana-chernova

person / 2015 phloem-fibre study

Marina Ageeva

Marina Ageeva is a coauthor of the 2015 study of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stems. The team's microscopy connects the stem's internal anatomy with the formation of fibre bundles.

Reading note
This record establishes authorship of one paper. The byline does not assign individual experimental tasks. No current affiliation, biography, portrait, Mount Herbs role or endorsement is inferred. The study does not verify commercial fibre quality or the origin of a brand product.

Record & context
contribution
Coauthor of the existing 2015 phloem-fibre study; individual experimental role not assigned.
review scope
Original paper byline and publication details rechecked 5 November 2026. No new experimental finding admitted.
source locator
PMC4512043: complete five-author byline; AoB PLANTS 7:plv061, published 27 May 2015.
portrait status
No portrait admitted; follow the published work.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIntrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Marina Ageeva is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Sources & access
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-05. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-11-05 · Connected a named coauthor to the existing study after original-byline verification; no inferred experimental role, current affiliation or portrait.

Record ID: person-marina-ageeva

person / 2015 phloem-fibre study

Simcha Lev-Yadun

Simcha Lev-Yadun is a coauthor of the 2015 study of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stems. The team's microscopy connects the stem's internal anatomy with the formation of fibre bundles.

Reading note
This record establishes authorship of one paper. The byline does not assign individual experimental tasks. No current affiliation, biography, portrait, Mount Herbs role or endorsement is inferred. The study does not verify commercial fibre quality or the origin of a brand product.

Record & context
contribution
Coauthor of the existing 2015 phloem-fibre study; individual experimental role not assigned.
review scope
Original paper byline and publication details rechecked 5 November 2026. No new experimental finding admitted.
source locator
PMC4512043: complete five-author byline; AoB PLANTS 7:plv061, published 27 May 2015.
portrait status
No portrait admitted; follow the published work.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIntrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Simcha Lev-Yadun is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Sources & access
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-05. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-11-05 · Connected a named coauthor to the existing study after original-byline verification; no inferred experimental role, current affiliation or portrait.

Record ID: person-simcha-lev-yadun

person / 2015 phloem-fibre study

Tatyana Gorshkova

Tatyana Gorshkova is a coauthor of the 2015 study of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stems. The team's microscopy connects the stem's internal anatomy with the formation of fibre bundles.

Reading note
This record establishes authorship of one paper. The byline does not assign individual experimental tasks. No current affiliation, biography, portrait, Mount Herbs role or endorsement is inferred. The study does not verify commercial fibre quality or the origin of a brand product.

Record & context
contribution
Coauthor of the existing 2015 phloem-fibre study; individual experimental role not assigned.
review scope
Original paper byline and publication details rechecked 5 November 2026. No new experimental finding admitted.
source locator
PMC4512043: complete five-author byline; AoB PLANTS 7:plv061, published 27 May 2015.
portrait status
No portrait admitted; follow the published work.
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · from this recordIntrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Tatyana Gorshkova is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Sources & access
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-05. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-11-05 · Connected a named coauthor to the existing study after original-byline verification; no inferred experimental role, current affiliation or portrait.

Record ID: person-tatyana-gorshkova

Publications and manuscripts · 46

publication / 1964

Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish

Gaoni and Mechoulam isolated an active hashish constituent and established its structure through chemical work. The paper is a specific milestone in THC chemistry.

Reading note
This is not the first human knowledge of cannabis, nor a single-person discovery of the plant’s effects.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
Yehiel Gaoni · Raphael Mechoulam
publisher
Journal of the American Chemical Society
doi
10.1021/ja01062a046
pages
86(8), 1646–1647
Follow the documented connections 4
authored · to this recordYehiel Gaoni ↗

Yehiel Gaoni is a named author of “Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordRaphael Mechoulam ↗

Raphael Mechoulam is a named author of “Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
characterizes · from this recordΔ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ↗

“Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish” reports work characterizing Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. The finding and its limits are stated below. Chemical isolation and structure; not a claim of first traditional use.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordA constituent becomes a structure ↗

The existing Natural History record “A constituent becomes a structure” cites “Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-thc1964

publication / 1988

Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain

The team characterized cannabinoid binding sites in rat brain membranes, helping establish a receptor-based experimental account.

Reading note
Rat tissue binding is distinct from cloning a receptor gene and from demonstrating a clinical benefit.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
William A. Devane · F. A. Dysarz III · M. R. Johnson · L. S. Melvin · Allyn C. Howlett
publisher
Molecular Pharmacology
pmid
2848184
pages
34(5), 605–613
Follow the documented connections 3
authored · to this recordWilliam A. Devane ↗

William A. Devane is a named author of “Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordAllyn C. Howlett ↗

Allyn C. Howlett is a named author of “Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordA binding site comes into view ↗

The existing Natural History record “A binding site comes into view” cites “Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-binding1988

publication / 1990

Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA

Five authors reported receptor structure and functional expression of cloned cDNA. This molecular characterization concerns what became known as CB1.

Reading note
The 1990 experiment is not an atomic receptor structure; those were determined later. Credit belongs to the named team.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
Lisa A. Matsuda · Stephen J. Lolait · Michael J. Brownstein · Alice C. Young · Tom I. Bonner
publisher
Nature
doi
10.1038/346561a0
pmid
2165569
pages
346, 561–564
Follow the documented connections 7
authored · to this recordLisa A. Matsuda ↗

Lisa A. Matsuda is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordStephen J. Lolait ↗

Stephen J. Lolait is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordMichael J. Brownstein ↗

Michael J. Brownstein is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordAlice C. Young ↗

Alice C. Young is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordTom I. Bonner ↗

Tom I. Bonner is a named author of “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
characterizes · from this recordCB1 ↗

“Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA” reports work characterizing CB1. The finding and its limits are stated below. Molecular cloning and functional expression, not an atomic structure.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordThe receptor’s genetic instructions ↗

The existing Natural History record “The receptor’s genetic instructions” cites “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-cb11990

publication / 1993

Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar characterized a peripheral cannabinoid receptor, now called CB2, through molecular cloning and expression analysis.

Reading note
The original expression findings have a specific experimental scope. They do not establish that CB2 can never occur in nervous-system cells.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
Sean Munro · Kerrie L. Thomas · Muna Abu-Shaar
publisher
Nature
doi
10.1038/365061a0
pmid
7689702
pages
365, 61–65
name correction
The publisher-deposited name is Kerrie L. Thomas; the supplied discovery roster’s “Kathy Thomas” was not adopted.
Follow the documented connections 5
authored · to this recordSean Munro ↗

Sean Munro is a named author of “Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
authored · to this recordKerrie L. Thomas ↗

Kerrie L. Thomas is a named author of “Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
authored · to this recordMuna Abu-Shaar ↗

Muna Abu-Shaar is a named author of “Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
characterizes · from this recordCB2 ↗

“Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids” reports work characterizing CB2. The finding and its limits are stated below. Peripheral receptor characterization in the reported preparations.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
documented in timeline · from this recordA second receptor ↗

The existing Natural History record “A second receptor” cites “Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Sources & access
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-cb21993

publication / 1992

Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor

Ten authors reported isolation and structure of an endogenous brain constituent that binds the cannabinoid receptor: anandamide.

Reading note
A Sanskrit-derived name does not mean ancient writers had isolated this molecule. Endogenous signalling and plant products remain different subjects.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
William A. Devane · Lumír Hanuš · Aviva Breuer · Roger G. Pertwee · Lesley A. Stevenson · Graeme Griffin · Dan Gibson · Asher Mandelbaum · Alexander Etinger · Raphael Mechoulam
publisher
Science
doi
10.1126/science.1470919
pmid
1470919
pages
258(5090), 1946–1949
Follow the documented connections 6
authored · to this recordWilliam A. Devane ↗

William A. Devane is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordLumír Hanuš ↗

Lumír Hanuš is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordAviva Breuer ↗

Aviva Breuer is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordRoger G. Pertwee ↗

Roger G. Pertwee is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordRaphael Mechoulam ↗

Raphael Mechoulam is a named author of “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordA signal made within ↗

The existing Natural History record “A signal made within” cites “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-anandamide1992

publication / 1995

Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors

An international team identified receptor-binding 2-arachidonoylglycerol from canine gut. A separate Japanese study examined its binding in brain preparations that year.

Reading note
The full fifteen-person publisher author list is retained; the MEDLINE display truncates it after ten names. This record does not assign sole priority across both studies.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
Raphael Mechoulam · Shimon Ben-Shabat · Lumír Hanuš · Moshe Ligumsky · Norbert E. Kaminski · Anthony R. Schatz · Asher Gopher · Shlomo Almog · Billy R. Martin · David R. Compton · Roger G. Pertwee · Graeme Griffin · Michael Bayewitch · Jacob Barg · Zvi Vogel
authors complete
true
publisher
Biochemical Pharmacology
doi
10.1016/0006-2952(95)00109-d
pmid
7605349
Follow the documented connections 4
authored · to this recordRaphael Mechoulam ↗

Raphael Mechoulam is a named author of “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordLumír Hanuš ↗

Lumír Hanuš is a named author of “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordRoger G. Pertwee ↗

Roger G. Pertwee is a named author of “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordMore than one internal signal ↗

The existing Natural History record “More than one internal signal” cites “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-2ag-gut1995

publication / 1995

2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain

Sugiura and seven coauthors tested 2-arachidonoylglycerol binding in synaptosomal membranes and proposed an endogenous receptor-ligand role in brain.

Reading note
Binding depended on assay conditions, including protection against degradation. It does not alone describe all signalling in a living brain.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
Takayuki Sugiura · S. Kondo · A. Sukagawa · S. Nakane · A. Shinoda · K. Itoh · A. Yamashita · K. Waku
publisher
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
doi
10.1006/bbrc.1995.2437
pmid
7575630
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · to this recordTakayuki Sugiura ↗

Takayuki Sugiura is a named author of “2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

Sugiura and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordMore than one internal signal ↗

The existing Natural History record “More than one internal signal” cites “2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

Sugiura and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

Sugiura and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-2ag-brain1995

publication / 2017

Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome

A randomized placebo-controlled trial tested pharmaceutical cannabidiol as an addition to existing treatment in 120 children and young adults with Dravet syndrome. Convulsive seizures fell more with CBD; adverse events also occurred more often.

Reading note
Specific formulation, population and outcomes. Neither this trial nor its authors establish equivalent effects for hemp seed oil or protein.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
Orrin Devinsky · J. Helen Cross · Linda Laux · Eric Marsh · Ian Miller · Rima Nabbout · Ingrid E. Scheffer · Elizabeth A. Thiele · Stephen Wright · Cannabidiol in Dravet Syndrome Study Group
publisher
New England Journal of Medicine
doi
10.1056/NEJMoa1611618
pmid
28538134
trial
NCT02091375
funding
GW Pharmaceuticals, as declared in the trial abstract.
Follow the documented connections 6
authored · to this recordJ. Helen Cross ↗

J. Helen Cross is a named author of “Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordIngrid E. Scheffer ↗

Ingrid E. Scheffer is a named author of “Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordElizabeth A. Thiele ↗

Elizabeth A. Thiele is a named author of “Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
investigates · from this recordCannabidiol ↗

The documented relationship is “investigates”: Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome to Cannabidiol. Pharmaceutical oral formulation in a defined trial; not hemp seed products.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in · from this recordA specific medicine. Specific seizure disorders. ↗

The documented relationship is “documented in”: Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome to A specific medicine. Specific seizure disorders.. Uses the existing clinical evidence record for formulation, outcomes and safety context.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordFrom mechanism to a trial ↗

The existing Natural History record “From mechanism to a trial” cites “Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-dravet2017

publication / 2020

Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

A separate randomized trial evaluated add-on cannabidiol for seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Its study population differs from the Dravet trial.

Reading note
This is pharmaceutical CBD research, not a product recommendation. Full outcomes and safety context remain in the existing clinical record.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
authors
Elizabeth A. Thiele · E. Martina Bebin · Hari Bhathal · Floor E. Jansen · Katarzyna Kotulska · John A. Lawson · Finbar J. O’Callaghan · Michael Wong · Farhad Sahebkar · Daniel Checketts · Volker Knappertz · GWPCARE6 Study Group
language
English
edition
Online 2020; 2021 journal issue
publisher
JAMA Neurology
doi
10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4607
pmid
33346789
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · to this recordElizabeth A. Thiele ↗

Elizabeth A. Thiele is a named author of “Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Tuberous sclerosis trial · JAMA Neurology · online 2020 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
documented in · from this recordA specific medicine. Specific seizure disorders. ↗

The documented relationship is “documented in”: Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial to A specific medicine. Specific seizure disorders.. Separate TSC trial retained within the existing epilepsy evidence dossier.

Evidence for this connection
Tuberous sclerosis trial · JAMA Neurology · online 2020 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Sources & access
Tuberous sclerosis trial · JAMA Neurology · online 2020 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-tsc2020

publication / 2019

Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Hurd and seven coauthors investigated short-term cue-induced craving and anxiety in drug-abstinent people with heroin use disorder in an exploratory placebo-controlled trial.

Reading note
Reported changes in experimental cues do not establish sustained abstinence, relapse prevention or an approved treatment. No self-treatment instructions follow.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
Yasmin L. Hurd · Sharron Spriggs · Julia Alishayev · Gary Winkel · Kristina Gurgov · Chris Kudrich · Anna M. Oprescu · Edwin Salsitz
publisher
American Journal of Psychiatry
doi
10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101191
pmid
31109198
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · to this recordYasmin L. Hurd ↗

Yasmin L. Hurd is a named author of “Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial ↗

Yasmin L. Hurd; Sharron Spriggs; Julia Alishayev; Gary Winkel; Kristina Gurgov; Chris Kudrich; Anna M. Oprescu; Edwin Salsitz 2019 · original clinical study

MEDLINE record and abstract via Europe PMC inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Exploratory randomized study of cue-induced craving/anxiety. Short observation and surrogate outcomes do not establish prevention of relapse or a licensed treatment.
investigates · from this recordCannabidiol ↗

The documented relationship is “investigates”: Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial to Cannabidiol. Exploratory cue-reactivity outcomes; not proven relapse prevention.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial ↗

Yasmin L. Hurd; Sharron Spriggs; Julia Alishayev; Gary Winkel; Kristina Gurgov; Chris Kudrich; Anna M. Oprescu; Edwin Salsitz 2019 · original clinical study

MEDLINE record and abstract via Europe PMC inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Exploratory randomized study of cue-induced craving/anxiety. Short observation and surrogate outcomes do not establish prevention of relapse or a licensed treatment.
Sources & access
Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial ↗

Yasmin L. Hurd; Sharron Spriggs; Julia Alishayev; Gary Winkel; Kristina Gurgov; Chris Kudrich; Anna M. Oprescu; Edwin Salsitz 2019 · original clinical study

MEDLINE record and abstract via Europe PMC inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Exploratory randomized study of cue-induced craving/anxiety. Short observation and surrogate outcomes do not establish prevention of relapse or a licensed treatment.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-hurd2019

publication / 2021

Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation

Ed Rosenthal, Robert Flannery and Angela Bacca are credited on this broad reference to cannabis and hemp horticulture. The 2021 edition remains distinct from the earlier Marijuana Grower’s Handbook.

Reading note
Bibliographic treatment only. Horticultural authorship is not medical authority, and publication does not authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction.

Original cover of Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation

Original source image

Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: author publisher. · 2021 paperback; not conflated with earlier Marijuana Grower’s Handbook editions · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
2021 paperback; not conflated with earlier Marijuana Grower’s Handbook editions
title
Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation
authors
Ed Rosenthal · Robert Flannery · Angela Bacca
publisher
Quick American Publishing
isbn
9781936807543
electronic isbn
9781936807550
catalogue note
Library and distributor page counts differ; no page count asserted.
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
handbooks
collection order
0
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal · Robert Flannery · Angela Bacca
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author) · Robert Flannery (coauthor) · Angela Bacca (coauthor)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/cannabisgrowershandbook
official action label
View / buy on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-product-page
publication date
2021
Follow the documented connections 4
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
authored · to this recordRobert Flannery ↗

Robert Flannery is a named author of “Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
authored · to this recordAngela Bacca ↗

Angela Bacca is a named author of “Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
has botanical subject · from this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

“Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation” treats cannabis horticulture; Cannabis sativa L. identifies its botanical subject. The credited 2021 handbook discusses cannabis horticulture; its bibliographic scope is connected to the taxon. It is not the source for each anatomical finding. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
Cannabis Grower’s Handbook — author’s catalogue ↗

Ed Rosenthal 2021 · author catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Establishes the work and its horticultural scope. Current storefront artwork says third printing; this does not establish a new edition.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Cannabis sativa L. — Plants of the World Online ↗

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · botanical taxonomic database

current taxon page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Accepted name, family Cannabaceae and annual habit. The database taxon concept is distinct from cultivar labels, a measured specimen or a legal product class.
Sources & access
Cannabis grower’s handbook — Weston Family Library record ↗

Weston Family Library, Toronto Botanical Garden 2021 · institutional library catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies the 2021 Quick American Publishing paperback, ISBN 9781936807543, and the three credited authors Rosenthal, Flannery and Bacca. Pagination differs across catalogues and is not asserted here.
Cannabis Grower’s Handbook — author’s catalogue ↗

Ed Rosenthal 2021 · author catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Establishes the work and its horticultural scope. Current storefront artwork says third printing; this does not establish a new edition.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Cannabis Grower’s Handbook: The Complete Guide to Marijuana and Hemp Cultivation — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: NAL-provided bibliographic record: coauthors, title,2021,ISBN9781936807543
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

2026-10-28 · Added current official catalogue route and author collection; earlier institutional edition metadata retained.

Record ID: work-rosenthal2021

publication / 2013

Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany

Clarke and Merlin bring botanical, archaeological and cultural evidence together in a broad account of cannabis and human societies.

Reading note
An influential synthesis is not an immutable taxonomic consensus. This record verifies the edition and subject; individual historical claims require their cited evidence.

Original cover of Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany

Original source image

Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: publisher. · First edition, September 2013; eBook · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
First edition, September 2013; eBook
title
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany
authors
Robert C. Clarke · Mark D. Merlin
publisher
University of California Press
isbn
9780520954571
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · to this recordRobert C. Clarke ↗

Robert C. Clarke is a named author of “Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany — first edition eBook ↗

University of California Press 2013 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
September 2013 first edition; Robert Clarke and Mark Merlin; electronic ISBN 9780520954571. Publisher description, not a chapter-by-chapter critical review.
authored · to this recordMark D. Merlin ↗

Mark D. Merlin is a named author of “Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany — first edition eBook ↗

University of California Press 2013 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
September 2013 first edition; Robert Clarke and Mark Merlin; electronic ISBN 9780520954571. Publisher description, not a chapter-by-chapter critical review.
Sources & access
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany — first edition eBook ↗

University of California Press 2013 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
September 2013 first edition; Robert Clarke and Mark Merlin; electronic ISBN 9780520954571. Publisher description, not a chapter-by-chapter critical review.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-clarke-merlin2013

publication / 2019

The African Roots of Marijuana

Duvall centres African people and knowledge in cannabis history, examining transmission, labour and the racial assumptions embedded in earlier writing.

Reading note
This is a historical argument developed from sources. The book’s description does not by itself verify every migration date, route or etymology.

Original cover of The African Roots of Marijuana

Original source image

The African Roots of Marijuana

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: publisher. · 2019 paperback edition · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
2019 paperback edition
authors
Chris S. Duvall
publisher
Duke University Press
isbn
9781478003946
doi
10.1215/9781478004530
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordChris S. Duvall ↗

Chris S. Duvall is a named author of “The African Roots of Marijuana”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
The African Roots of Marijuana ↗

Duke University Press 2019 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Chris S. Duvall; June 2019; paperback ISBN 9781478003946. Documents the book’s historical/geographic subject and its challenge to racialized accounts.
Sources & access
The African Roots of Marijuana ↗

Duke University Press 2019 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Chris S. Duvall; June 2019; paperback ISBN 9781478003946. Documents the book’s historical/geographic subject and its challenge to racialized accounts.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-duvall2019

publication / 2017

Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America

Dufton follows the changing coalitions behind United States marijuana reform and opposition, including grassroots activists and parent movements.

Reading note
A historical account of advocacy is distinct from pharmacology and present-day legal advice. This record does not endorse either movement.

Original cover of Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America

Original source image

Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: publisher. · 5 December 2017 eBook · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
5 December 2017 eBook
authors
Emily Dufton
publisher
Basic Books
isbn
9780465096176
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEmily Dufton ↗

Emily Dufton is a named author of “Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America ↗

Basic Books / Hachette Book Group 2017 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Emily Dufton; 5 December 2017; eBook ISBN 9780465096176. Examines pro- and anti-legalization organizing; dated publisher copy is not current law.
Sources & access
Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America ↗

Basic Books / Hachette Book Group 2017 · publisher catalogue

catalogue inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Emily Dufton; 5 December 2017; eBook ISBN 9780465096176. Examines pro- and anti-legalization organizing; dated publisher copy is not current law.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-dufton2017

publication / 2024

Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy

Sauthoff examines cannabis in medieval Indian alchemical writing and the difficulty of identifying plants from terms that change across texts.

Reading note
Modern philological interpretation must remain separate from authenticated original passages. Neither historical preparations nor traditional names prove clinical efficacy.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Chapter 6 in Suhṛdayasaṃhitā, 2024
authors
Patricia Sauthoff
publisher
Heidelberg Asian Studies Publishing
doi
10.11588/hasp.1386.c20158
pages
165–179
isbn
9783869772653
electronic isbn
9783948791995
access note
Institutional metadata and publisher-indexed introduction rechecked; direct chapter access denied in this run.
Follow the documented connections 3
authored · to this recordPatricia Sauthoff ↗

Patricia Sauthoff is a named author of “Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
discusses · from this recordĀnandakanda — reading through scholarship ↗

The documented relationship is “discusses”: Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy to Ānandakanda — reading through scholarship. The modern chapter is distinct from the historical work.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordReading the names carefully ↗

The existing Natural History record “Reading the names carefully” cites “Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-indian-alchemy

publication / 2018

Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya

Rathore, Shashni, Samant and Sundriyal recorded local uses of hemp through field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017. The paper includes seed foods and fibre objects.

Reading note
These are pooled reports of practice, not clinical tests or a present-day census. No household, sensitive growing location or Mount Herbs sourcing relationship is inferred. Community knowledge is not the brand’s discovery.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
25 September 2018 journal article
authors
Sumati Rathore · Sarla Shashni · Sher Singh Samant · Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal
publisher
Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products
doi
10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF
pages
25(3), 127–130
date range
Fieldwork 2015–2017
methods
Field visits, questionnaires and interviews with local residents and herb practitioners.
geographic scope
Published Manikaran Valley / Kullu regional scope only; private landrace or household coordinates excluded.
Follow the documented connections 7
authored · to this recordSumati Rathore ↗

Sumati Rathore is a named author of “Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
authored · to this recordSarla Shashni ↗

Sarla Shashni is a named author of “Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
authored · to this recordSher Singh Samant ↗

Sher Singh Samant is a named author of “Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
authored · to this recordRakesh Chandra Sundriyal ↗

Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal is a named author of “Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
has published study context · to this recordParvati Valley: knowledge with attribution ↗

The documented relationship is “has published study context”: Parvati Valley: knowledge with attribution to Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya. Published study context; no inferred proprietary knowledge, present-day practice or sourcing relationship.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
has documented material use context · to this recordFruit and seed ↗

The anatomical record connects to a published field study of material uses. The 2015–2017 field study reports seed use in a pooled local-use record. It establishes neither product sourcing, current prevalence nor efficacy. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
has documented material use context · to this recordVascular tissues and bast fibres ↗

The anatomical record connects to a published field study of material uses. The field study reports fibre use; this contextual link is not a microscopic analysis of those community materials or evidence of a brand partnership. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Sources & access
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-manikaran-2018

publication / 2017

Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids?

Brand and Zhao examine historical Chinese medicinal descriptions, plant parts and the difficulty of connecting old terminology to modern cannabinoid knowledge.

Reading note
A historical indication is not a modern clinical result. Legendary attribution to Shennong does not supply a securely dated contemporary manuscript.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Scholarly review, 2017
authors
E. Joseph Brand · Zhongzhen Zhao
publisher
Frontiers in Pharmacology
doi
10.3389/fphar.2017.00108
Follow the documented connections 3
authored · to this recordE. Joseph Brand ↗

E. Joseph Brand is a named author of “Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids?”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordZhongzhen Zhao ↗

Zhongzhen Zhao is a named author of “Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids?”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordA plant in the written record ↗

The existing Natural History record “A plant in the written record” cites “Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids?”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-chinese-medicine2017

publication / 2009

Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan

The eight-author study directly dated excavated hemp fruits using accelerator mass spectrometry. It distinguishes a radiocarbon measurement from its calibrated calendar estimate.

Reading note
Dated fruits establish material presence; they do not by themselves prove cultivation or psychoactive use. The authors’ “oldest” language is bounded to their 2009 comparison.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
Japanese with English title and abstract
edition
Journal version of record
authors
Yuichiro Kudo · Makiko Kobayashi · Arata Momohara · Shuichi Noshiro · Toshio Nakamura · Susumu Okitsu · Seiichi Yanagisawa · Tozo Okamoto
publisher
Japanese Journal of Historical Botany
doi
10.34596/hisbot.17.1_27
pages
17(1), 27–31
date range
2009 publication; remains approximately 10,000 calibrated years BP; J-STAGE upload 2021
Follow the documented connections 3
authored · to this recordYuichiro Kudo ↗

Yuichiro Kudo is a named author of “Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
authored · to this recordMakiko Kobayashi ↗

Makiko Kobayashi is a named author of “Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordInto human hands ↗

The existing Natural History record “Into human hands” cites “Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-okinoshima2009

publication / 2019

The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs

Ren and six coauthors analysed chemical residues in wooden braziers from a first-millennium BCE cemetery in the eastern Pamirs. The evidence concerns a specific archaeological context.

Reading note
Chemical residue interpretation is not a transcript of a ritual, a precise dose, or evidence for all Central Asian societies.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Original archaeological study
authors
Meng Ren · Zihua Tang · Xinhua Wu · Robert Spengler · Hongen Jiang · Yimin Yang · Nicole Boivin
publisher
Science Advances
doi
10.1126/sciadv.aaw1391
pages
5(6), eaaw1391
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · from this recordWhat the brazier retained ↗

The existing Natural History record “What the brazier retained” cites “The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs ↗

Meng Ren, Zihua Tang, Xinhua Wu, Robert Spengler, Hongen Jiang, Yimin Yang and Nicole Boivin 2019 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs ↗

Meng Ren, Zihua Tang, Xinhua Wu, Robert Spengler, Hongen Jiang, Yimin Yang and Nicole Boivin 2019 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-pamir2019

publication / 2025

Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles

Bremer-McCollum introduces Arabic literary and historical discussions of cannabis, including vocabulary and conflicting attitudes in medieval texts.

Reading note
This is a contemporary scholarly reflection, not a newly verified critical edition. Its reported legends and textual voices are not established migration facts or medical advice.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English discussion of Arabic sources
edition
Research Reflection, 4 March 2025
authors
Adam Bremer-McCollum
editors
Aaron Michael Ullrey
publisher
Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions
Follow the documented connections 2
authored · to this recordAdam Bremer-McCollum ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum is a named author of “Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum · Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions 2025 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in timeline · from this recordMany voices, one herb ↗

The existing Natural History record “Many voices, one herb” cites “Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum · Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions 2025 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum · Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions 2025 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-arabic2025

publication / 1978

Entretien avec Bob Marley

The French archival catalogue identifies a 1978 Paris interview in which Bob Marley discusses the Wailers and Rastafari.

Reading note
Only the catalogue was inspected. No dialogue or cannabis-specific quotation is invented; no music, portrait, endorsement or medical inference is licensed by this entry.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
French catalogue; interview language not independently checked
edition
1978 broadcast; institutional archival notice
title
Entretien avec Bob Marley
authors
Bob Marley (interview subject)
publisher
Institut national de l’audiovisuel
contribution type
Interview subject, not paper author
Follow the documented connections 1
interview subject · to this recordBob Marley ↗

The documented relationship is “interview subject”: Bob Marley to Entretien avec Bob Marley. The archive identifies the interview subject; this is not a medical contribution or endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Entretien avec Bob Marley — 1978 archival interview record ↗

Institut national de l’audiovisuel; French Ministry of Culture catalogue 1978 · audiovisual archive metadata

institutional catalogue inspected; interview not transcribed · Checked 2026-10-26
Catalogues a Paris interview about the Wailers and Rastafari. French metadata is preserved; no dialogue, music or portrait is reproduced.
Sources & access
Entretien avec Bob Marley — 1978 archival interview record ↗

Institut national de l’audiovisuel; French Ministry of Culture catalogue 1978 · audiovisual archive metadata

institutional catalogue inspected; interview not transcribed · Checked 2026-10-26
Catalogues a Paris interview about the Wailers and Rastafari. French metadata is preserved; no dialogue, music or portrait is reproduced.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-marley-interview1978

publication / Date not established

R. Keith Stroup, JD — NORML organizational biography

NORML’s organizational biography attributes its founding in 1970 to R. Keith Stroup and describes his legal-reform work.

Reading note
First-party institutional history can establish the organization’s account; it does not independently prove every causal claim about legal change or any medical benefit.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Undated organizational biography, checked 26 October 2026
authors
NORML
publisher
NORML
date range
Describes founding in 1970; page publication date not stated
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in · to this recordR. Keith Stroup ↗

The documented relationship is “documented in”: R. Keith Stroup to R. Keith Stroup, JD — NORML organizational biography. First-party organizational biography; not Stroup’s authorship of the page and not independent clinical evidence.

Evidence for this connection
R. Keith Stroup, JD — NORML organizational biography ↗

NORML · first-party advocacy record

organization page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
NORML attributes its founding in 1970 to Stroup. This is an organizational account of advocacy, not independent medical evidence or an endorsement.
Sources & access
R. Keith Stroup, JD — NORML organizational biography ↗

NORML · first-party advocacy record

organization page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
NORML attributes its founding in 1970 to Stroup. This is an organizational account of advocacy, not independent medical evidence or an endorsement.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-10-26 · Verified bounded contribution or publication metadata; independent specialist review is not implied.

Record ID: work-norml-stroup-record

publication / 2010

Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method

House, Neufeld and Leson compared the composition and protein quality of sampled hemp-seed foods. Whole seeds, seed meal and dehulled seeds are different materials; processing matters when interpreting a nutrition reference.

Reading note
The protein-digestibility component used a rat bioassay and a child amino-acid reference pattern. This was not a human feeding trial, and its findings do not establish the composition, digestibility or labelling claims of Mount Herbs flour. Only the indexed abstract and bibliographic record were inspected.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
authors
James D. House · Jason Neufeld · Gero Leson
publisher
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
doi
10.1021/jf102636b
pmid
20977230
pages
58(22), 11801–11807
published
24 November 2010; online 26 October 2010
method
Food composition analysis; protein digestibility assessed with a rat bioassay, combined with an amino-acid reference pattern for children.
source access
Indexed abstract and bibliographic metadata; full text not inspected.
Follow the documented connections 4
investigates · from this recordFruit and seed ↗

The documented relationship is “investigates”: Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method to Fruit and seed. The study compares seed-derived foods and processing contexts. Its sampled foods and rat-bioassay results do not establish the nutrition or health effects of a Mount Herbs product.

Evidence for this connection
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
authored · to this recordJames D. House ↗

James D. House is a named author of “Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
authored · to this recordJason Neufeld ↗

Jason Neufeld is a named author of “Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
authored · to this recordGero Leson ↗

Gero Leson is a named author of “Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method”. Named authorship in the original publication or verified edition. Only profiles admitted to this collection appear as nodes; the work retains its broader author list.

Evidence for this connection
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
Sources & access
Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method ↗

James D. House; Jason Neufeld; Gero Leson 2010 · original food-science study

Original article metadata and abstract inspected in PubMed; full text not inspected · Checked 2026-11-04
Compares sampled hemp-seed foods. Protein-digestibility testing used a rat bioassay; the paper is not a human feeding trial or an analysis of Mount Herbs products.
Locator: PubMed PMID 20977230: author line, publication details and abstract; DOI 10.1021/jf102636b.
Presentation scope

Hemp seed foods · food-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-11-04. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary and bibliographic metadata. No portrait, cover, manuscript or full text reproduced; follow the source holder’s terms.

2026-11-04 · Added the source-linked food-science study; retained the animal-assay and product-specific evidence limits. No experimental numerical claims added.

Record ID: work-hemp-protein2010

publication / Publication date not established

Marijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana Cultivation

An earlier broad horticultural reference, retained in the author’s eBook directory. Its title and edition history remain separate from Cannabis Grower’s Handbook.

Reading note
A published horticultural book does not authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction or establish medicinal efficacy.

Original cover of Marijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana Cultivation

Original source image

Marijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana Cultivation

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: library cover. · Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue
title
Marijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana Cultivation
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
handbooks
collection order
1
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/check-out-eds-ebooks
official action label
Find eBook editions on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-ebook-directory
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Grower’s Handbook: Your Complete Guide for Medical and Personal Marijuana Cultivation”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
Ed Rosenthal’s Autographed Canna Library — official bundle ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: collection contents
Sources & access
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
Ed Rosenthal’s Autographed Canna Library — official bundle ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: collection contents
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-marijuana-growers-handbook

publication / Publication date not established

Marijuana Growers Guide

An early collaboration between Mel Frank and Ed Rosenthal, discussed in an author-hosted interview about the beginnings of his publishing work.

Reading note
A published horticultural book does not authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction or establish medicinal efficacy.

Original cover of Marijuana Growers Guide

Original source image

Marijuana Growers Guide

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: historical museum. · Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title. Historical deluxe-edition cover visibly credits Mel Frank and Ed Rosenthal. Its precise printing is not verified. Two conflicting library covers credited only Mel Frank and were rejected.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue
title
Marijuana Growers Guide
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
handbooks
collection order
2
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Mel Frank · Ed Rosenthal
contributors
Mel Frank (coauthor) · Ed Rosenthal (coauthor)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore
official action label
Browse Ed Rosenthal’s official bookshop
official link kind
official-author-site
authors
Mel Frank · Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Growers Guide”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Growing with Ed Rosenthal — author-hosted interview ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: author-hosted interview: discussion of collaboration with Mel Frank and the 1978 review
Sources & access
Growing with Ed Rosenthal — author-hosted interview ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: author-hosted interview: discussion of collaboration with Mel Frank and the 1978 review
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-marijuana-growers-guide

publication / [1991] (catalogue-supplied)

Closet Cultivator

An early small-space horticulture manual with illustrations by Larry Todd. The Wellcome Collection preserves it within the DrugScope archive.

Reading note
A published horticultural book does not authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction or establish medicinal efficacy.

Original cover of Closet Cultivator

Original source image

Closet Cultivator

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: library cover. · [1991] in the Wellcome catalogue; publication date supplied by the catalogue · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
[1991] in the Wellcome catalogue; publication date supplied by the catalogue
title
Closet Cultivator
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
handbooks
collection order
3
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal · illustrator — Larry Todd
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author) · Larry Todd (illustrator)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore
official action label
Browse Ed Rosenthal’s official bookshop
official link kind
official-author-site
publication date
1991
credit qualification
Wellcome supplies[1991]; preserve this bibliographic qualification.
isbn
086719359X
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Closet Cultivator”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Wellcome supplies[1991]; preserve this bibliographic qualification.

Evidence for this connection
Closet Cultivator — bibliographic record ↗

Wellcome Collection · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Wellcome supplies[1991]; preserve this bibliographic qualification.
Locator: Publication/Creation and Contributors; date supplied in square brackets by catalogue
Sources & access
Closet Cultivator — bibliographic record ↗

Wellcome Collection · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Wellcome supplies[1991]; preserve this bibliographic qualification.
Locator: Publication/Creation and Contributors; date supplied in square brackets by catalogue
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-closet-cultivator

publication / Publication date not established

Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round

Reader questions shape this collection of Rosenthal’s advice-column writing and observations from gardens and travel.

Reading note
A published horticultural book does not authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction or establish medicinal efficacy.

Original cover of Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round

Original source image

Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: author publisher. · First edition offered on official product page; publication date not independently verified · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
First edition offered on official product page; publication date not independently verified
title
Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
garden
collection order
4
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/ask-ed-marijuana-sucess
official action label
View / buy on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-product-page
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Sources & access
Ask Ed: Marijuana Success: Tips and Advice for Gardening Year-Round — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-ask-ed-marijuana-sucess

publication / Publication date not established

Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems

A field guide built around recognising plant problems. Pests, disease and environmental stress sit together in the currently displayed revised edition.

Reading note
A published horticultural book does not authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction or establish medicinal efficacy.

Original cover of Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems

Original source image

Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: author publisher. · Revised and updated (displayed cover) · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Original back cover of Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems

Original source image

Original back cover of Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems

Respective publisher / cover rights holders; source: Ed Rosenthal official author-publisher shop · Revised and updated cover shown by the author-publisher; matching source gallery front and back. Precise printing and physical dimensions not verified. · Copyright retained; book-identification and discussion reproduction, not an open licence

Complete original back-cover image, with publisher text and barcode retained. The publisher gallery identifies both faces of the same offered book; precise printing, book thickness and binding measurements remain unverified. No endorsement or rights clearance is asserted. No spine image has been located.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Revised and updated (displayed cover)
title
Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
garden
collection order
5
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author of displayed revised edition)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/marijuana-garden-saver
official action label
View / buy on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-product-page
credit qualification
Do not conflate the earlier J.C. Stitch edition edited by Rosenthal with this cover, which credits Ed Rosenthal.
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Do not conflate the earlier J.C. Stitch edition edited by Rosenthal with this cover, which credits Ed Rosenthal.

Evidence for this connection
Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Do not conflate the earlier J.C. Stitch edition edited by Rosenthal with this cover, which credits Ed Rosenthal.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Sources & access
Marijuana Garden Saver: A Field Guide to Identifying and Correcting Cannabis Problems — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Do not conflate the earlier J.C. Stitch edition edited by Rosenthal with this cover, which credits Ed Rosenthal.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-marijuana-garden-saver

publication / Publication date not established

Protect Your Garden

A general garden reference on pests, disease and plant-nutrition problems, extending beyond a cannabis-only handbook.

Reading note
A published horticultural book does not authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction or establish medicinal efficacy.

Original cover of Protect Your Garden

Original source image

Protect Your Garden

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: author publisher. · Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue
title
Protect Your Garden
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
garden
collection order
6
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/protect-your-garden
official action label
View / buy on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-product-page
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Protect Your Garden”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Protect Your Garden — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Sources & access
Protect Your Garden — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-protect-your-garden

publication / 2012

Marijuana Pest and Disease Control

A plant-problem reference credited to Ed Rosenthal with Kathy Imbriani in the National Agricultural Library’s 2012 record.

Reading note
A published horticultural book does not authorize cultivation in a reader’s jurisdiction or establish medicinal efficacy.

Original cover of Marijuana Pest and Disease Control

Original source image

Marijuana Pest and Disease Control

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: licensed distributor. · 2012 bibliographic record · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title. Pictured: distributor’s 2012 ebook cover, ISBN 9781936807185; the bibliography separately records the paperback ISBN.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
2012 bibliographic record
title
Marijuana Pest and Disease Control
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
garden
collection order
7
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal · with Kathy Imbriani
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author) · Kathy Imbriani (with)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore
official action label
Browse Ed Rosenthal’s official bookshop
official link kind
official-author-site
publication date
2012
isbn
9780932551047
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Pest and Disease Control”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Growing with Ed Rosenthal — author-hosted interview ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: author-hosted interview: discussion of collaboration with Mel Frank and the 1978 review
Marijuana Pest and Disease Control — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: NAL-provided record:2012; Ed Rosenthal with Kathy Imbriani;ISBN
Sources & access
Growing with Ed Rosenthal — author-hosted interview ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: author-hosted interview: discussion of collaboration with Mel Frank and the 1978 review
Marijuana Pest and Disease Control — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: NAL-provided record:2012; Ed Rosenthal with Kathy Imbriani;ISBN
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-marijuana-pest-disease-control

publication / 2017

Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden

Rosenthal and David Downs focus on the harvest and the period after it. It is a narrower subject than the general grower’s handbooks.

Reading note
This record describes a publication about horticulture or cannabis preparations. It supplies no extraction procedure, dose or health recommendation.

Original cover of Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden

Original source image

Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: contributor portfolio. · 2017 bibliographic record · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
2017 bibliographic record
title
Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
harvest
collection order
8
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal · David Downs
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (coauthor) · David Downs (coauthor)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/check-out-eds-ebooks
official action label
Find eBook editions on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-ebook-directory
publication date
2017
authors
Ed Rosenthal · David Downs
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Opening attribution explicitly names Ed Rosenthal and David Downs
David Downs — author’s résumé ↗

David Downs · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Freelance Journalist, Author paragraph: coauthor of Marijuana Harvest(2017)
Sources & access
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
Marijuana Harvest: How to Maximize Quality and Yield in Your Cannabis Garden — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Opening attribution explicitly names Ed Rosenthal and David Downs
David Downs — author’s résumé ↗

David Downs · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Freelance Journalist, Author paragraph: coauthor of Marijuana Harvest(2017)
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-marijuana-harvest

publication / 2014

Beyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and Medicines

The original Beyond Buds volume covers extracts and other cannabis preparations. It remains a distinct book from Next Generation.

Reading note
This record describes a publication about horticulture or cannabis preparations. It supplies no extraction procedure, dose or health recommendation.

Original cover of Beyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and Medicines

Original source image

Beyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and Medicines

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: library cover. · 2014 bibliographic record · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
2014 bibliographic record
title
Beyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and Medicines
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
harvest
collection order
9
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal · contributing author — David Downs
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author) · David Downs (contributing author)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/check-out-eds-ebooks
official action label
Find eBook editions on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-ebook-directory
publication date
2014
credit qualification
David Downs identifies his contribution and2014 publication on his own resume; complete edition ISBN remains unverified.
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Beyond Buds: Marijuana Extracts, Hash, Vaping, Dabbing, Edibles and Medicines”. The source identifies this specific contribution. David Downs identifies his contribution and2014 publication on his own resume; complete edition ISBN remains unverified.

Evidence for this connection
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
David Downs — author’s résumé ↗

David Downs · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Freelance Journalist, Author paragraph: coauthor of Marijuana Harvest(2017)
Sources & access
Ed Rosenthal — official eBook directory ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: ebook title list
David Downs — author’s résumé ↗

David Downs · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Freelance Journalist, Author paragraph: coauthor of Marijuana Harvest(2017)
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-beyond-buds-original

publication / Publication date not established

Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions

Written with Greg Zeman, this later Beyond Buds volume surveys concentrates, processing technologies and changes in cannabis culture.

Reading note
This record describes a publication about horticulture or cannabis preparations. It supplies no extraction procedure, dose or health recommendation.

Original cover of Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions

Original source image

Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: author publisher. · Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue
title
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
harvest
collection order
10
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal · Greg Zeman
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author) · Greg Zeman (coauthor)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/beyond-buds-next-generation-marijuana-concentrated-and-cannabis-infusions
official action label
View / buy on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-product-page
authors
Ed Rosenthal · Greg Zeman
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Title and interview with coauthor Greg Zeman
Sources & access
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Beyond Buds, Next Generation: Marijuana Concentrates and Cannabis Infusions — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Title and interview with coauthor Greg Zeman
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-beyond-buds-next-generation-marijuana-concentrated-and-cannabis-infusions

publication / Publication date not established

Ganja in India

A photographic record of Rosenthal’s 1981 visit to India. The photographs offer a different way into his work from the technical handbooks.

Reading note
A photographic, historical, policy or varietal publication does not establish a present-day sourcing relationship, medical efficacy or current legal permission.

Original cover of Ganja in India

Original source image

Ganja in India

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: author publisher. · Hardcover; 32 pages; full colour · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Original back cover of Ganja in India

Original source image

Original back cover of Ganja in India

Respective publisher / cover rights holders; source: Ed Rosenthal official author-publisher shop · Current author-publisher hardcover offering; original photograph/dedication on back. Precise printing and physical dimensions not verified. · Copyright retained; book-identification and discussion reproduction, not an open licence

Complete original back-cover image, with publisher text and barcode retained. The publisher gallery identifies both faces of the same offered book; precise printing, book thickness and binding measurements remain unverified. No endorsement or rights clearance is asserted. No spine image has been located.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Hardcover; 32 pages; full colour
title
Ganja in India
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
culture
collection order
11
catalogue role
photographed
contribution label
Photographs by Ed Rosenthal
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (photographer)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/ganja-in-india
official action label
View / buy on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-product-page
credit qualification
1981 is the date of the photographs, not a verified publication date.
photographers
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
photographed · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

The documented relationship is “photographed”: Ed Rosenthal to Ganja in India. The source identifies this specific contribution. 1981 is the date of the photographs, not a verified publication date.

Evidence for this connection
Ganja in India — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 1981 is the date of the photographs, not a verified publication date.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Sources & access
Ganja in India — official author-site record ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 1981 is the date of the photographs, not a verified publication date.
Locator: product title, description and displayed cover
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-ganja-in-india

publication / 2001

The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders

The first volume in the illustrated variety series. Its library catalogue preserves credits for both Ed Rosenthal and S. Newhart.

Reading note
A photographic, historical, policy or varietal publication does not establish a present-day sourcing relationship, medical efficacy or current legal permission.

Original cover of The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders

Original source image

The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: library cover. · 2001 bibliographic record · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
2001 bibliographic record
title
The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
culture
collection order
12
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
Ed Rosenthal (catalogued author) · S. Newhart (catalogued author)
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (catalogued author) · S. Newhart (catalogued author)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore
official action label
Browse Ed Rosenthal’s official bookshop
official link kind
official-author-site
publication date
2001
authors
Ed Rosenthal · S. Newhart
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

WorldCat / OCLC · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Authors, print book, copyright2001, Quick American Archives
Sources & access
The Big Book of Buds: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

WorldCat / OCLC · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Authors, print book, copyright2001, Quick American Archives
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-big-book-of-buds-1

publication / Publication date not established

Big Book of Buds 2

The second volume in an illustrated series about cannabis varieties. The official book bundle names this volume separately.

Reading note
A photographic, historical, policy or varietal publication does not establish a present-day sourcing relationship, medical efficacy or current legal permission.

Original cover of Big Book of Buds 2

Original source image

Big Book of Buds 2

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: library cover. · Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
Edition and publication date not stated in the checked catalogue
title
Big Book of Buds 2
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
culture
collection order
13
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
Ed Rosenthal (author attribution in official collection)
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (author attribution in official collection)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore/cannalibrary
official action label
View the book bundle on Ed Rosenthal’s website
official link kind
official-bundle
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Big Book of Buds 2”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Ed Rosenthal’s Autographed Canna Library — official bundle ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: collection contents
Sources & access
Ed Rosenthal’s Autographed Canna Library — official bundle ↗

Ed Rosenthal official website · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: collection contents
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-big-book-of-buds-2

publication / 2007

The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders

The third volume in the variety series, represented here by a catalogued 2007 electronic edition.

Reading note
A photographic, historical, policy or varietal publication does not establish a present-day sourcing relationship, medical efficacy or current legal permission.

Original cover of The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders

Original source image

The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: library cover. · 2007 electronic edition in the cited catalogue; do not infer all print-edition metadata · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
2007 electronic edition in the cited catalogue; do not infer all print-edition metadata
title
The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
culture
collection order
14
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
Ed Rosenthal (catalogued author)
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (catalogued author)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore
official action label
Browse Ed Rosenthal’s official bookshop
official link kind
official-author-site
publication date
2007
authors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders”. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

WorldCat / OCLC · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Summary identifies third volume; author and ebook publication record2007
Sources & access
The Big Book of Buds, Volume 3: More Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Greatest Seed Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

WorldCat / OCLC · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Summary identifies third volume; author and ebook publication record2007
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-big-book-of-buds-3

publication / 2016 distributor catalogue

Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders

A selection drawn from the four-volume Big Book of Buds series. Rosenthal is credited as editor, with the book design documented separately.

Reading note
A photographic, historical, policy or varietal publication does not establish a present-day sourcing relationship, medical efficacy or current legal permission.

Original cover of Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders

Original source image

Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: contributor portfolio. · 2016 distributor catalogue record; exact release day not asserted · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
2016 distributor catalogue record; exact release day not asserted
title
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
culture
collection order
15
catalogue role
edited
contribution label
Edited by Ed Rosenthal · book designer — Scott Idleman / Blink
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (editor) · Scott Idleman / Blink (book designer)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore
official action label
Browse Ed Rosenthal’s official bookshop
official link kind
official-author-site
publication date
2016
credit qualification
2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
isbn
9781936807321
editors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
edited · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

The documented relationship is “edited”: Ed Rosenthal to Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders. The source identifies this specific contribution. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.

Evidence for this connection
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

Ingram Content Group · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
Locator: September2016 Advance catalogue,page79; editor,title,ISBN; date is catalogue-year evidence
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

Blink / Scott Idleman · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
Locator: Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: author,publisher,book-design credits
Sources & access
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

Ingram Content Group · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
Locator: September2016 Advance catalogue,page79; editor,title,ISBN; date is catalogue-year evidence
Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: Marijuana Varieties from the World’s Best Breeders — bibliographic record ↗

Blink / Scott Idleman · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. 2016 distributor catalogue; exact release day is not asserted.
Locator: Big Book of Buds Greatest Hits: author,publisher,book-design credits
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-big-book-of-buds-greatest-hits

publication / 1994

Hemp Today

An edited collection on hemp’s history and industrial uses. Rosenthal’s role here is editor, bringing contributions together rather than supplying a single-author handbook.

Reading note
A photographic, historical, policy or varietal publication does not establish a present-day sourcing relationship, medical efficacy or current legal permission.

Original cover of Hemp Today

Original source image

Hemp Today

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: library cover. · 1994 bibliographic record · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
1994 bibliographic record
title
Hemp Today
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
culture
collection order
16
catalogue role
edited
contribution label
Edited by Ed Rosenthal
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (editor)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore
official action label
Browse Ed Rosenthal’s official bookshop
official link kind
official-author-site
publication date
1994
isbn
9780932551146
editors
Ed Rosenthal
Follow the documented connections 1
edited · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

The documented relationship is “edited”: Ed Rosenthal to Hemp Today. The source identifies this specific contribution. Full contributors remain in the publication record; catalogue presence is not medical authority or an endorsement.

Evidence for this connection
Hemp Today — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Bibliographic information: edited by Ed Rosenthal; Quick American Archives; 1994; ISBN
Sources & access
Hemp Today — bibliographic record ↗

US National Agricultural Library, via AGRIS · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. Unknown publication or edition details remain unasserted.
Locator: Bibliographic information: edited by Ed Rosenthal; Quick American Archives; 1994; ISBN
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-hemp-today

publication / 1997

Marijuana Medical Handbook

A 1997 handbook credited to Ed Rosenthal, Dale Gieringer and Tod Mikuriya. This historical book remains separate from contemporary clinical trials and later editions.

Reading note
This historical book is not a current clinical guideline or evidence for a Mount Herbs product. The 1997 author team is not silently replaced by collaborators on later editions.

Original cover of Marijuana Medical Handbook

Original source image

Marijuana Medical Handbook

Cover rights retained by the respective publisher / rights holders. Image source: library cover. · 1997 bibliographic record · Copyright retained; identification reproduction, not an open licence

Cover reproduced for identification and discussion of this book. Copyright remains with the respective rights holders; no open licence or endorsement is claimed. Complete source composition retained, without retouching, reconstruction or upscaling. Cover printing may differ from other editions of this title.

Record & context
review scope
Selected published contribution. Geographic context concerns the cited work, not inferred nationality; no current affiliation or lifespan inferred.
language
English
edition
1997 bibliographic record
title
Marijuana Medical Handbook
author collection
ed-rosenthal-books
collection group
culture
collection order
18
catalogue role
authored
contribution label
By Ed Rosenthal · Dale Gieringer · Tod Mikuriya
contributors
Ed Rosenthal (coauthor) · Dale Gieringer (coauthor) · Tod Mikuriya (coauthor)
official book uRL
https://www.edrosenthal.com/edrosenthalstore
official action label
Browse Ed Rosenthal’s official bookshop
official link kind
official-author-site
publication date
1997
credit qualification
This is the library’s 1997 item. Later editions have different collaborators; do not merge their attribution.
isbn
0932551165
authors
Ed Rosenthal · Dale Gieringer · Tod Mikuriya
Follow the documented connections 1
authored · to this recordEd Rosenthal ↗

Ed Rosenthal is a named author of “Marijuana Medical Handbook”. The source identifies this specific contribution. This is the library’s 1997 item. Later editions have different collaborators; do not merge their attribution.

Evidence for this connection
Marijuana Medical Handbook — bibliographic record ↗

BC Cancer Library · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. This is the library’s 1997 item. Later editions have different collaborators; do not merge their attribution.
Locator: Books: QV766 R815 1997; ISBN0932551165; listed authors
Sources & access
Marijuana Medical Handbook — bibliographic record ↗

BC Cancer Library · author or institutional catalogue

Catalogue metadata and stated locator inspected; book contents not independently reviewed · Checked 2026-10-28
Supports the title and stated contribution within this catalogue record. This is the library’s 1997 item. Later editions have different collaborators; do not merge their attribution.
Locator: Books: QV766 R815 1997; ISBN0932551165; listed authors
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-28. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-28 · Checked bibliographic contribution, official route and stated source locators; no complete book-content review.

Record ID: work-rosenthal-marijuana-medical-handbook-1997

publication / 2015

Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure

The five-author team used microscopy to study developing primary and secondary hemp phloem fibres.

Reading note
Findings are tied to sampled stems and developmental stages; no commercial fibre quality or regional provenance follows.

Original Figure 1 from the 2015 hemp fibre study, showing two sampled plant stages, stem positions and primary and secondary phloem fibre counts.

Original source image

Figure 1 locates the stem samples in two plant stages. The published layout connects a whole plant with the places where its fibres were counted.

Anastasia Snegireva, Tatyana Chernova, Marina Ageeva, Simcha Lev-Yadun and Tatyana Gorshkova · 2015 · CC BY 4.0

Specific samples and stages from this anatomical study; not universal hemp dimensions, a cultivation schedule or Mount Herbs sourcing evidence. Original labels and complete composition retained. The publisher JPEG is preserved byte-for-byte as the full image.

Published micrograph of a hemp stem cross-section with labels for primary and secondary fibres, cambium and xylem, and the original 50 micrometre scale bar.

Original source image

Original Figure 7: a stained hemp stem section from the 2015 anatomical study. Its labels and 50 µm scale bar remain visible.

Anastasia Snegireva, Tatyana Chernova, Marina Ageeva, Simcha Lev-Yadun and Tatyana Gorshkova · 2015 · CC BY 4.0

Original published JPEG, unchanged. This is one sampled stem section from a plant-anatomy study, not a universal tissue proportion, commercial quality test or clinical finding.

Record & context
authors
Anastasia Snegireva · Tatyana Chernova · Marina Ageeva · Simcha Lev-Yadun · Tatyana Gorshkova
authors complete
true
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
doi
10.1093/aobpla/plv061
pmid
26019229
publisher
AoB PLANTS
volume
7
article
plv061
study context
Plant anatomical microscopy; not clinical research
Follow the documented connections 6
authored · to this recordAnastasia Snegireva ↗

Anastasia Snegireva is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
authored · to this recordTatyana Chernova ↗

Tatyana Chernova is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
authored · to this recordMarina Ageeva ↗

Marina Ageeva is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
authored · to this recordSimcha Lev-Yadun ↗

Simcha Lev-Yadun is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
authored · to this recordTatyana Gorshkova ↗

Tatyana Gorshkova is a named author of “Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure”. The original paper names this person in its five-author byline. Authorship is distinct from an individually assigned experiment or a current institutional role. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
investigates anatomy · from this recordVascular tissues and bast fibres ↗

“Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure” reports the anatomical observations discussed in Vascular tissues and bast fibres. The paper concerns fibre-cell development in stems, not a clinical or taxonomic trial. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Sources & access
Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure ↗

Anastasia Snegireva; Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova 2015 · original anatomical study

full-text results and author line inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Microscopy distinguishes primary and secondary phloem-fibre development and their relationship to cambium and xylem. No cultivation methods or experimental operating instructions are reproduced.
Locator: Abstract; Results; Figures 1–5 and original Figure 7
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: work-phloem2015

publication / 2019 online · January 2020 issue

Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation

Ten authors examined trichome morphology, secretory cells and metabolic specialization during flower maturation.

Reading note
The developmental model is an interpretation of the sampled varieties and tissues, not a universal potency test.

Record & context
authors
Samuel J. Livingston · Teagen D. Quilichini · Judith K. Booth · Darren C. J. Wong · Kim H. Rensing · Jessica Laflamme-Yonkman · Simone D. Castellarin · Joerg Bohlmann · Jonathan E. Page · A. Lacey Samuels
authors complete
true
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
doi
10.1111/tpj.14516
pmid
31469934
publication online
2019-10-12
publication issue
2020-01
publisher
The Plant Journal
volume
101
issue
1
pages
37–56
equal contribution
Samuel J. Livingston · Teagen D. Quilichini
study context
Microscopy, metabolite profiling and transcriptomics; not clinical research
Follow the documented connections 1
investigates anatomy · from this recordGlandular trichome ↗

“Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation” reports the anatomical observations discussed in Glandular trichome. The paper compares sampled glandular structures and metabolites; diagram colours are not assay results. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation ↗

Samuel J. Livingston; Teagen D. Quilichini; Judith K. Booth; Darren C. J. Wong; Kim H. Rensing; Jessica Laflamme-Yonkman; Simone D. Castellarin; Joerg Bohlmann; Jonathan E. Page; A. Lacey Samuels 2020 · original microscopy and metabolite study

publisher results, figures descriptions and full author line inspected; MEDLINE metadata retained · Checked 2026-10-26
Compares glandular-trichome forms and supports a developmental model. Livingston and Quilichini are credited as equal contributors; sampled varieties do not establish a universal chemical profile.
Locator: Results: secretory discs and floral maturation; co-first author note
Sources & access
Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation ↗

Samuel J. Livingston; Teagen D. Quilichini; Judith K. Booth; Darren C. J. Wong; Kim H. Rensing; Jessica Laflamme-Yonkman; Simone D. Castellarin; Joerg Bohlmann; Jonathan E. Page; A. Lacey Samuels 2020 · original microscopy and metabolite study

publisher results, figures descriptions and full author line inspected; MEDLINE metadata retained · Checked 2026-10-26
Compares glandular-trichome forms and supports a developmental model. Livingston and Quilichini are credited as equal contributors; sampled varieties do not establish a universal chemical profile.
Locator: Results: secretory discs and floral maturation; co-first author note
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: work-trichomes2020

publication / 2004

The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L

Seven authors characterized a gene encoding active THCA synthase.

Reading note
Enzyme characterization does not establish a safe product, human benefit or permission to manufacture cannabinoids.

Record & context
authors
Supaart Sirikantaramas · Satoshi Morimoto · Yoshinari Shoyama · Yu Ishikawa · Yoshiko Wada · Yukihiro Shoyama · Futoshi Taura
authors complete
true
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
doi
10.1074/jbc.M403693200
pmid
15190053
publication online
2004-06-09
publication issue
2004-09-17
publisher
Journal of Biological Chemistry
volume
279
issue
38
pages
39767–39774
study context
Molecular and enzyme research; not a clinical trial
Follow the documented connections 1
characterizes enzyme · from this recordFrom plant anatomy to cannabinoid biosynthesis ↗

This original study characterizes the enzyme in the selected biosynthetic pathway. The authors characterized THCA synthase; bibliographic titles retain their historical terminology. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
Sources & access
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: work-thcas2004

publication / 2005

Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, the enzyme controlling marijuana psychoactivity, is secreted into the storage cavity of the glandular trichomes

Six authors combined enzyme activity, expression and reporter observations to investigate where THCA synthase acts.

Reading note
The abstract supports the authors’ localization proposal. It does not prove the location of every biosynthetic reaction.

Record & context
authors
Supaart Sirikantaramas · Futoshi Taura · Yumi Tanaka · Yu Ishikawa · Satoshi Morimoto · Yukihiro Shoyama
authors complete
true
language
English
edition
Journal version of record
doi
10.1093/pcp/pci166
pmid
16024552
publication online
2005-07-15
publication issue
2005-09
publisher
Plant and Cell Physiology
volume
46
issue
9
pages
1578–1582
study context
Plant enzyme-localization research; not clinical research
Follow the documented connections 1
investigates localization · from this recordFrom plant anatomy to cannabinoid biosynthesis ↗

This experiment investigates where the selected biosynthetic activity occurs. The authors investigated the enzyme’s glandular-trichome location, with the abstract’s evidential scope retained. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, the enzyme controlling marijuana psychoactivity, is secreted into the storage cavity of the glandular trichomes ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Futoshi Taura; Yumi Tanaka; Yu Ishikawa; Satoshi Morimoto; Yukihiro Shoyama 2005 · original enzyme-localization study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
The authors suggest THCA biosynthesis in the trichome storage cavity from expression, activity and reporter evidence. This is a scoped localization finding, not a universal whole-pathway map.
Sources & access
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, the enzyme controlling marijuana psychoactivity, is secreted into the storage cavity of the glandular trichomes ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Futoshi Taura; Yumi Tanaka; Yu Ishikawa; Satoshi Morimoto; Yukihiro Shoyama 2005 · original enzyme-localization study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
The authors suggest THCA biosynthesis in the trichome storage cavity from expression, activity and reporter evidence. This is a scoped localization finding, not a universal whole-pathway map.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial text and bibliographic metadata only. Linked illustrations and publications retain their own rights; no image, cover or full text is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Bounded primary-source or institutional review; independent specialist/publication approval remains separate.

Record ID: work-thcas2005

manuscript / 12th–13th century, as discussed by Sauthoff; not a dated manuscript witness

Ānandakanda — reading through scholarship

Patricia Sauthoff examines a medieval medico-alchemical work whose cannabis discussions require careful textual interpretation.

This entry identifies a scholarly route into the work. It does not display a reconstructed Sanskrit passage or turn a historical account into contemporary instructions.

Reading note
The original witness, critical-edition locator, verse, transliteration and translation have not been admitted. The publisher full-text route was access-blocked during this review.

Record & context
iast
Ānandakanda
devanagari title
आनन्दकन्द
dating kind
Scholarly estimate
verification pending
Manuscript witness or critical edition · Exact passage · Original text and IAST · Named scholarly translation · Rights to reproduce an image
plant identification
Must be assessed passage by passage
related work
work-indian-alchemy
Follow the documented connections 3
offers research context · to this recordNational Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ↗

The documented relationship is “offers research context”: National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage to Ānandakanda — reading through scholarship. A research route only; possession of a particular manuscript is not claimed.

Evidence for this connection
CCRAS literary research and medical-history resources ↗

Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · institutional research overview

full-webpage · Checked 2026-10-26
Documents literary research, transcription/translation, medical history and digital text discovery including Ayurvedagranthasamuccaya. It does not authenticate a cannabis quotation by itself.
studies · to this recordPatricia Sauthoff ↗

The documented relationship is “studies”: Patricia Sauthoff to Ānandakanda — reading through scholarship. Modern scholarly interpretation; passage-level primary verification remains pending.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
discusses · to this recordCannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

The documented relationship is “discusses”: Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy to Ānandakanda — reading through scholarship. The modern chapter is distinct from the historical work.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-anandakanda

Ayurvedic terms and interpretive context · 17

tradition / Modern official explanatory and curriculum sources; not a date of invention

An Ayurvedic vocabulary for materials and bodies

Read each concept in its own intellectual setting before comparing it with a modern experiment.

Reading note
These short editorial glosses are not literal translations of a classical verse, clinical advice, or claims that Ayurveda discovered modern receptors.

A photograph of a Suśrutasaṃhitā manuscript page from Wellcome’s collection, with original lines of text and physical page marks preserved.

Historical source context

A genuine manuscript photograph catalogued by Wellcome as a page from the Suśrutasaṃhitā. This object introduces the material work of reading and comparing medical texts.

Wellcome Collection; manuscript reference Or alpha 498; image L0034908 · Manuscript date not established in the inspected image record · CC BY 4.0

Contextual manuscript evidence only. This is not Ānandakanda or the Vijayā monograph; no cannabis passage, exact folio, translation or date is asserted. Its traditional attribution is not an authenticated event. Full image retained; delivery variants are resized, without altering characters.

Original orange-to-green front cover of Ayurveda — The Science of Life, carrying its Department of AYUSH title and publication imprint.

Original source image

The original front cover of the Department of AYUSH’s 2012 introductory dossier.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization. The PDF prints ISBN-13 978-81-906489-0-5, which fails its checksum; the back cover prints valid ISBN-10 819064890-X. These identifiers are reported as printed, without silently correcting the source.

Original back cover of the same Ayurveda dossier, with the orange-to-green field, publisher imprint and ISBN barcode.

Original source image

The matching back cover from the same 2012 dossier PDF, with its publisher imprint and barcode.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization. The PDF prints ISBN-13 978-81-906489-0-5, which fails its checksum; the back cover prints valid ISBN-10 819064890-X. These identifiers are reported as printed, without silently correcting the source.

Record & context
comparison policy
No identity mapping between doṣas and CB1, CB2 or a biochemical pathway
glossary mode
Contextual editorial definitions
Follow the documented connections 2
has terminology reference · from this recordA shared vocabulary, with a defined scope ↗

The documented relationship is “has terminology reference”: An Ayurvedic vocabulary for materials and bodies to A shared vocabulary, with a defined scope. Publication metadata only; unseen definitions are not attributed.

Evidence for this connection
WHO international standard terminologies on Ayurveda ↗

World Health Organization 2023 · terminology publication

catalogue-only · Checked 2026-10-26
WHO publication page verified: 10 January 2023, 588 pages, electronic ISBN 9789240064935. Full PDF retrieval returned an access challenge, so no numbered term or unseen passage is attributed to it.
has educational context · from this recordNCISM: a curriculum record ↗

The documented relationship is “has educational context”: An Ayurvedic vocabulary for materials and bodies to NCISM: a curriculum record. Curriculum status does not establish molecular equivalence or treatment efficacy.

Evidence for this connection
Second Professional BAMS: Rasashastra evam Bhaishajyakalpana curriculum ↗

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine · official curriculum

indexed-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Disciplinary terminology and curriculum scope, including saṃskāra and śodhana. No preparation procedure is reproduced.
Locator: Curriculum module headings; PDF page 6
Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Second Professional BAMS: Rasashastra evam Bhaishajyakalpana curriculum ↗

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine · official curriculum

indexed-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Disciplinary terminology and curriculum scope, including saṃskāra and śodhana. No preparation procedure is reproduced.
Locator: Curriculum module headings; PDF page 6
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-ayurvedic-framework

tradition / 2018 publication; contemporary community material requires separate permission

Parvati Valley: knowledge with attribution

The existing valley journey connects to published ethnobotanical research through its full authorship and study context.

Reading note
A published local practice is not a brand sourcing record, a clinical finding, or permission to expose private community knowledge. No sensitive plant or household coordinates are supplied.

Record & context
related work
work-manikaran-2018
new interviews admitted
false
editorial requirements
Informed consent and publication permission · Agreed attribution or anonymity · Respect cultural restrictions · Review biodiversity and benefit-sharing obligations · Provide a correction or withdrawal route for contributed material
Follow the documented connections 1
has published study context · from this recordIndigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

The documented relationship is “has published study context”: Parvati Valley: knowledge with attribution to Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya. Published study context; no inferred proprietary knowledge, present-day practice or sourcing relationship.

Evidence for this connection
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Sources & access
Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Presentation scope

Educational cannabis botany · botanical-education, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-parvati-knowledge

term / Source-specific

Dravyaguṇa Vijñāna

द्रव्यगुण विज्ञान

dravyaguṇavijñāna

The discipline describing medicinal materials, their qualities and actions.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Actual printed page 46 of the 2012 dossier, headed Chapter 4, Drugs, with sections on rasa and guna.

Original source image

Printed page 46 introduces dravyaguṇa and describes rasa and guṇa within the dossier’s Ayurvedic framework.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization.

Record & context
devanagari
द्रव्यगुण विज्ञान
iast
dravyaguṇavijñāna
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: india-term-dravyaguna

term / Source-specific

Rasa

रस

rasa

Taste, considered within an Ayurvedic account of a material.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Actual printed page 46 of the 2012 dossier, headed Chapter 4, Drugs, with sections on rasa and guna.

Original source image

Printed page 46 introduces dravyaguṇa and describes rasa and guṇa within the dossier’s Ayurvedic framework.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization.

Record & context
devanagari
रस
iast
rasa
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: india-term-rasa

term / Source-specific

Guṇa

गुण

guṇa

A quality used to characterize materials within the traditional framework.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Actual printed page 46 of the 2012 dossier, headed Chapter 4, Drugs, with sections on rasa and guna.

Original source image

Printed page 46 introduces dravyaguṇa and describes rasa and guṇa within the dossier’s Ayurvedic framework.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization.

Record & context
devanagari
गुण
iast
guṇa
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: india-term-guna

term / Source-specific

Vīrya

वीर्य

vīrya

Potency or action, commonly described through heating and cooling categories.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Actual printed page 47 of the 2012 dossier, with headings on virya, vipaka, prabhava and pharmaceutics.

Original source image

Printed page 47 continues with vīrya, vipāka and prabhāva, then introduces the pharmaceutical discipline bhaiṣajyakalpanā.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization.

Record & context
devanagari
वीर्य
iast
vīrya
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: india-term-virya

term / Source-specific

Vipāka

विपाक

vipāka

A post-digestive effect described in Ayurvedic theory.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Actual printed page 47 of the 2012 dossier, with headings on virya, vipaka, prabhava and pharmaceutics.

Original source image

Printed page 47 continues with vīrya, vipāka and prabhāva, then introduces the pharmaceutical discipline bhaiṣajyakalpanā.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization.

Record & context
devanagari
विपाक
iast
vipāka
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: india-term-vipaka

term / Source-specific

Prabhāva

प्रभाव

prabhāva

A specific action not explained by the other stated material properties.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Actual printed page 47 of the 2012 dossier, with headings on virya, vipaka, prabhava and pharmaceutics.

Original source image

Printed page 47 continues with vīrya, vipāka and prabhāva, then introduces the pharmaceutical discipline bhaiṣajyakalpanā.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization.

Record & context
devanagari
प्रभाव
iast
prabhāva
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: india-term-prabhava

term / Source-specific

Doṣa

दोष

doṣa

Vāta, pitta and kapha are principles of function within Ayurvedic theory.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Record & context
devanagari
दोष
iast
doṣa
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Editorial metadata and links only. No third-party portrait or full text reproduced.

Record ID: india-term-dosha

term / Source-specific

Agni

अग्नि

agni

A concept describing digestion and transformation.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Record & context
devanagari
अग्नि
iast
agni
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Editorial metadata and links only. No third-party portrait or full text reproduced.

Record ID: india-term-agni

term / Source-specific

Dhātu

धातु

dhātu

A bodily constituent in Ayurveda’s traditional classification.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Record & context
devanagari
धातु
iast
dhātu
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Editorial metadata and links only. No third-party portrait or full text reproduced.

Record ID: india-term-dhatu

term / Source-specific

Mala

मल

mala

Excretory products within the traditional account of bodily function.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Record & context
devanagari
मल
iast
mala
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Editorial metadata and links only. No third-party portrait or full text reproduced.

Record ID: india-term-mala

term / Source-specific

Bhaiṣajyakalpanā

भैषज्य कल्पना

bhaiṣajyakalpanā

The discipline concerned with pharmaceutical preparation and dosage forms.

Reading note
An editorial gloss within Ayurveda; not an equivalence with a modern receptor, pathway or treatment.

Actual printed page 47 of the 2012 dossier, with headings on virya, vipaka, prabhava and pharmaceutics.

Original source image

Printed page 47 continues with vīrya, vipāka and prabhāva, then introduces the pharmaceutical discipline bhaiṣajyakalpanā.

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; official PDF hosted by CCRAS · 2012 publication · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization.

Record & context
devanagari
भैषज्य कल्पना
iast
bhaiṣajyakalpanā
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Second Professional BAMS: Rasashastra evam Bhaishajyakalpana curriculum ↗

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine · official curriculum

indexed-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Disciplinary terminology and curriculum scope, including saṃskāra and śodhana. No preparation procedure is reproduced.
Locator: Curriculum module headings; PDF page 6
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: india-term-bhaishajya

term / Source-specific

Śodhana

शोधन

śodhana

Material-specific preparatory processing in the pharmaceutical context considered here.

Reading note
Context matters: this glossary concerns pharmacy, not a body-cleansing recommendation. Processing does not itself demonstrate removal of every hazard.

Record & context
devanagari
शोधन
iast
śodhana
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Second Professional BAMS: Rasashastra evam Bhaishajyakalpana curriculum ↗

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine · official curriculum

indexed-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Disciplinary terminology and curriculum scope, including saṃskāra and śodhana. No preparation procedure is reproduced.
Locator: Curriculum module headings; PDF page 6
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Editorial metadata and links only. No third-party portrait or full text reproduced.

Record ID: india-term-shodhana

term / Source-specific

Saṃskāra

संस्कार

saṃskāra

Processing understood to modify a material’s qualities.

Reading note
A historical pharmaceutical concept; no operational procedure or verified modern safety outcome is supplied.

Record & context
devanagari
संस्कार
iast
saṃskāra
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Second Professional BAMS: Rasashastra evam Bhaishajyakalpana curriculum ↗

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine · official curriculum

indexed-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Disciplinary terminology and curriculum scope, including saṃskāra and śodhana. No preparation procedure is reproduced.
Locator: Curriculum module headings; PDF page 6
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Editorial metadata and links only. No third-party portrait or full text reproduced.

Record ID: india-term-samskara

term / Source-specific

Vijayā

विजया

vijayā

The name used for the leaf entry in the inspected API index.

Reading note
This secure modern reference does not identify every historical occurrence of the word as Cannabis sativa.

Actual page 2 of the official API Part I Volume I index; row 78 identifies Vijaya, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf.

Original source image

Entry 78 of the two-page official index identifies Vijayā as Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This image is the index page, not the full monograph.

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy; official published index · Part I, Volume I; publication date not asserted from this index · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization. This is an index only; it does not reproduce or verify the complete Vijayā monograph.

Record & context
devanagari
विजया
iast
vijayā
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: india-term-vijaya

term / Source-specific

Bhaṅga / Bhaṅgā

भङ्ग / भङ्गा

bhaṅga / bhaṅgā

Names whose spelling, grammar and plant referent depend on the particular source.

Reading note
The English Schedule E(1) entry “Bhanga” identifies Cannabis sativa, except seeds. An ancient passage still needs separate philological identification.

Record & context
devanagari
भङ्ग / भङ्गा
iast
bhaṅga / bhaṅgā
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Drugs Rules, 1945: CDSCO consolidated text through 2022 ↗

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation 2022 · official consolidated rules

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Schedule E(1) and rule 161(2) checked in this dated consolidation. Read alongside later amendments; it is not a consolidated 2026 rulebook.
Locator: PDF page 346: Schedule E(1); PDF page 190: rule 161(2)
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Editorial metadata and links only. No third-party portrait or full text reproduced.

Record ID: india-term-bhanga

Institutions, monographs and legal records · 16

institution / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

Ministry of Ayush

The national ministry provides a route into traditional-medicine policy and its institutions.

Reading note
A ministry link does not grant cultivation, manufacturing, sale or medical-practice permission. Authority depends on the particular legal framework.

Record & context
jurisdiction
India
role
Policy and institutional coordination
brand relationship
None documented
Follow the documented connections 2
issues notification · from this recordJuly 2026: changed rules, not a new Vijayā monograph ↗

Ministry of Ayush issued the notification described in “July 2026: changed rules, not a new Vijayā monograph”. The record links to the dated instrument. Issuing this notification does not establish every necessary product permission.

Evidence for this connection
Drugs (Eleventh Amendment) Rules, 2026 ↗

Ministry of Ayush, Gazette of India 2026 · official gazette

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
G.S.R.657(E), 24 July 2026. English notification and relevant licensing, label and Schedule T amendments inspected. This is a Drugs Rules amendment, not a revised Vijayā monograph.
Locator: 49-page PDF; English notification begins on PDF page 29
issues order · from this record7 August 2024: a separate clearance step ↗

Ministry of Ayush issued the order described in “7 August 2024: a separate clearance step”. Follow the original document to read its scope. Dated order verified; subsequent operational status requires confirmation.

Evidence for this connection
Ayush order concerning specified Bhanga- and Ahiphena-containing ASU formulations ↗

Ministry of Ayush; official State Licensing Authority mirror 2024 · official order

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page order dated 7 August 2024, T-11011/11/2021-DCC, under section 33P. Reviewed as an original order; later case-specific implementation and clearance remain unverified.
Sources & access
Ministry of Ayush ↗

Government of India · institution

official-site · Checked 2026-10-26
National ministry and institutional framework. Specific authorizations still require the relevant legal instrument and authority.
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-ayush

institution / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

PCIM&H

The Pharmacopoeia Commission is the official starting point for Indian-medicine pharmacopoeias and formularies.

Reading note
A listed standard identifies its specified material or formulation; it does not license every product that contains that material.

Record & context
full name
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy
brand relationship
None documented
Follow the documented connections 2
publishes reference · from this recordVijayā — the official index entry ↗

PCIM&H publishes the reference behind Vijayā — the official index entry. Open the record to see the edition and its scope. The official index is admitted; the full monograph is not.

Evidence for this connection
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
issues notification · from this recordThe 2023 API amendment: keep the version visible ↗

PCIM&H issued the notification described in “The 2023 API amendment: keep the version visible”. The record links to the dated instrument. Only the inspected amendment and its stated scope are represented.

Evidence for this connection
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
Sources & access
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy ↗

PCIM&H, Ministry of Ayush · institution

official-site · Checked 2026-10-26
Institutional identity and official publication discovery. Website availability does not establish access to every catalogue record.
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
Presentation scope

Current Ayurvedic medicines and pharmacopoeial standards · standards-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-pcimh

institution / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

CCRAS: research and its limits

A project register, a laboratory result and a clinical conclusion are different kinds of evidence.

The pharmacology register marks cannabis-leaf safety/toxicity project IPG0025 completed. The underlying outcome report has not been reviewed here.

Reading note
No positive or negative safety finding is inferred from the completion label; no product benefit follows from the listing.

Record & context
full name
Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences
project
id: IPG0025; material: Cannabis leaves; register status: Completed; report: ; result:
brand relationship
None documented
Follow the documented connections 1
includes institution · from this recordNational Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ↗

The documented relationship is “includes institution”: CCRAS: research and its limits to National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage. Institutional relationship, not brand affiliation.

Evidence for this connection
National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, Hyderabad ↗

CCRAS · institution

official-institution-record · Checked 2026-10-26
Institutional record for historical, bibliographic and manuscript-oriented medical scholarship. Individual digital objects need separate locators and rights review.
Sources & access
CCRAS pharmacological research: completed project register ↗

Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · official research register

full-webpage · Checked 2026-10-26
The register lists IPG0025, a cannabis-leaf safety/toxicity project, as completed. No outcome report was admitted in this review; completion is not a favourable result.
CCRAS literary research and medical-history resources ↗

Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · institutional research overview

full-webpage · Checked 2026-10-26
Documents literary research, transcription/translation, medical history and digital text discovery including Ayurvedagranthasamuccaya. It does not authenticate a cannabis quotation by itself.
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-ccras

institution / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage

Historical scholarship starts with finding an identifiable text, edition or manuscript witness.

NIIMH in Hyderabad provides an institutional route into medical-history and bibliographic research. CCRAS also describes digital classical-text resources.

Reading note
A portal or institute catalogue is not the passage itself. Translation, plant identification, date and reproduction rights need separate checking.

Record & context
location
Hyderabad, India
brand relationship
None documented
Follow the documented connections 2
includes institution · to this recordCCRAS: research and its limits ↗

The documented relationship is “includes institution”: CCRAS: research and its limits to National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage. Institutional relationship, not brand affiliation.

Evidence for this connection
National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, Hyderabad ↗

CCRAS · institution

official-institution-record · Checked 2026-10-26
Institutional record for historical, bibliographic and manuscript-oriented medical scholarship. Individual digital objects need separate locators and rights review.
offers research context · from this recordĀnandakanda — reading through scholarship ↗

The documented relationship is “offers research context”: National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage to Ānandakanda — reading through scholarship. A research route only; possession of a particular manuscript is not claimed.

Evidence for this connection
CCRAS literary research and medical-history resources ↗

Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · institutional research overview

full-webpage · Checked 2026-10-26
Documents literary research, transcription/translation, medical history and digital text discovery including Ayurvedagranthasamuccaya. It does not authenticate a cannabis quotation by itself.
Sources & access
National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, Hyderabad ↗

CCRAS · institution

official-institution-record · Checked 2026-10-26
Institutional record for historical, bibliographic and manuscript-oriented medical scholarship. Individual digital objects need separate locators and rights review.
CCRAS literary research and medical-history resources ↗

Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · institutional research overview

full-webpage · Checked 2026-10-26
Documents literary research, transcription/translation, medical history and digital text discovery including Ayurvedagranthasamuccaya. It does not authenticate a cannabis quotation by itself.
Presentation scope

Historical Ayurveda and traditional medicine · historical-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-niimh

institution / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

Ayush Research Portal

Use the portal to find research, then inspect the study behind the listing.

Reading note
Index inclusion is not clinical efficacy, peer-review verification by this atlas, or regulatory approval.

Record & context
record kind
Discovery service
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ayush Research Portal ↗

Ministry of Ayush · research discovery portal

official-portal · Checked 2026-10-26
A route to discover publications. Indexing is not regulatory approval or a substitute for reading a study.
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-ayush-research-portal

institution / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

e-Aushadhi

An official route into ASU&H drug-licensing workflows.

Reading note
Opening a portal or submitting an application does not establish a licence. Mount Herbs records and regulator decisions have not been inspected.

Record & context
record kind
Administrative portal
jurisdiction
India; relevant licensing authority must be identified
Follow the documented connections 1
has administrative context · to this record7 August 2024: a separate clearance step ↗

“7 August 2024: a separate clearance step” connects to e-Aushadhi through its administrative context. The linked sources explain the specific role. No individual application or clearance has been verified.

Evidence for this connection
Ayush order concerning specified Bhanga- and Ahiphena-containing ASU formulations ↗

Ministry of Ayush; official State Licensing Authority mirror 2024 · official order

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page order dated 7 August 2024, T-11011/11/2021-DCC, under section 33P. Reviewed as an original order; later case-specific implementation and clearance remain unverified.
e-Aushadhi: ASU&H licensing portal ↗

Ministry of Ayush · licensing portal

official-portal · Checked 2026-10-26
Official workflow discovery. No Mount Herbs application, licence, clearance or regulator decision was inspected.
Sources & access
e-Aushadhi: ASU&H licensing portal ↗

Ministry of Ayush · licensing portal

official-portal · Checked 2026-10-26
Official workflow discovery. No Mount Herbs application, licence, clearance or regulator decision was inspected.
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-eaushadhi

institution / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

NAMASTE terminology portal

Shared terminology helps practitioners and researchers record what they mean.

Reading note
Standardizing a term does not make it interchangeable with a receptor, biomarker or clinical diagnosis in a different medical framework.

Record & context
record kind
Terminology and morbidity service
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal ↗

Ministry of Ayush · terminology portal

official-portal-index · Checked 2026-10-26
Terminology and morbidity-recording resource. Standardized terminology is not experimental validation of a biological mechanism.
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-namaste

institution / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

NCISM: a curriculum record

The official BAMS curriculum locates pharmaceutical concepts within a defined course of study.

Reading note
This record verifies curriculum terminology only. It does not determine an individual practitioner’s registration or permissions.

Record & context
full name
National Commission for Indian System of Medicine
verified scope
Published curriculum
Follow the documented connections 1
has educational context · to this recordAn Ayurvedic vocabulary for materials and bodies ↗

The documented relationship is “has educational context”: An Ayurvedic vocabulary for materials and bodies to NCISM: a curriculum record. Curriculum status does not establish molecular equivalence or treatment efficacy.

Evidence for this connection
Second Professional BAMS: Rasashastra evam Bhaishajyakalpana curriculum ↗

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine · official curriculum

indexed-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Disciplinary terminology and curriculum scope, including saṃskāra and śodhana. No preparation procedure is reproduced.
Locator: Curriculum module headings; PDF page 6
Sources & access
Second Professional BAMS: Rasashastra evam Bhaishajyakalpana curriculum ↗

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine · official curriculum

indexed-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Disciplinary terminology and curriculum scope, including saṃskāra and śodhana. No preparation procedure is reproduced.
Locator: Curriculum module headings; PDF page 6
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-ncism

monograph / API I/I: 1986 (Revised), as listed in the 2023 notification

Vijayā — the official index entry

PCIM&H lists Vijayā as Cannabis sativa Linn., with leaf as the specified plant part, in API Part I, Volume I.

The index establishes identity and plant part. The amendment bibliography establishes the volume’s publication reference. The supplied catalogue endpoint timed out; the complete monograph was not retrieved.

Reading note
No microscopic feature, assay limit, synonym, therapeutic use or dose is reconstructed from the index. The currently applicable complete standard remains to be reconciled.

Actual page 2 of the official API Part I Volume I index; row 78 identifies Vijaya, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf.

Original source image

Entry 78 of the two-page official index identifies Vijayā as Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This image is the index page, not the full monograph.

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy; official published index · Part I, Volume I; publication date not asserted from this index · Copyright retained by the source publisher; no open licence recorded

Faithful rendering of the identified PDF page; no AI retouching, rewritten text, or reconstructed book surface. The PDF is retained unchanged. The rendering is not a photograph or measured reconstruction of a physical book. Source language describes a traditional framework, not clinical proof, a product benefit or present-day medicinal authorization. This is an index only; it does not reproduce or verify the complete Vijayā monograph.

Record & context
name
Vijayā
botanical identity
Cannabis sativa Linn.
publication
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
part
I
volume
I
publication year
1986
year qualification
1986 (Revised), official amendment bibliography
plant part
Leaf
index entry
78
full monograph available
false
current applicable standard
Not yet reconciled
unreviewed sections
Synonyms · Macroscopic identification · Microscopic identification · Physicochemical specifications · Chromatographic methods · Classical properties and directions
catalogue access
Timed out on 2026-10-26
Follow the documented connections 5
publishes reference · to this recordPCIM&H ↗

PCIM&H publishes the reference behind Vijayā — the official index entry. Open the record to see the edition and its scope. The official index is admitted; the full monograph is not.

Evidence for this connection
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
has edition context · from this recordThe 2023 API amendment: keep the version visible ↗

The documented relationship is “has edition context”: Vijayā — the official index entry to The 2023 API amendment: keep the version visible. Bibliographic context; no Vijayā-specific amendment appears in this notification.

Evidence for this connection
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
requires reference distinction · from this recordPharmacopoeia and formulary ↗

The documented relationship is “requires reference distinction”: Vijayā — the official index entry to Pharmacopoeia and formulary. Monograph identity and formulation reference are not interchangeable.

Evidence for this connection
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
identifies botanical taxon · from this recordCannabis sativa L. ↗

The official Vijayā index identifies its botanical material as Cannabis sativa L. The official index names Cannabis sativa Linn. for Vijayā. This joins botanical identity only, not all parts or preparations. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
Cannabis sativa L. — Plants of the World Online ↗

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · botanical taxonomic database

current taxon page inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Accepted name, family Cannabaceae and annual habit. The database taxon concept is distinct from cultivar labels, a measured specimen or a legal product class.
specifies plant part · from this recordPalmately compound leaf ↗

The Vijayā index specifies leaf material. The next record explains the leaf's botanical structure. Entry 78 specifies leaf. The full monograph remains unavailable; no microscopy, assay limits, dose or broader plant-part permission is inferred. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
Sources & access
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
Presentation scope

Current Ayurvedic medicines and pharmacopoeial standards · standards-reference, source-index

This pharmacopoeial record identifies a standard within its cited scope. It is not a commercial licence, a product test or permission to market a medicine.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-api-vijaya

monograph / Institutional record reviewed 26 October 2026

Pharmacopoeia and formulary

API and AFI serve different reference functions: quality standards and formulation references.

API covers individual materials and specified formulations. AFI is the Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Verify the actual volume and entry before attributing a formulation to either series.

Reading note
Textual mention, formulary inclusion, pharmacopoeial quality and a product’s licence are separate questions.

Record & context
api
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
afi
Ayurvedic Formulary of India
formulation catalogue admitted
false
Follow the documented connections 1
requires reference distinction · to this recordVijayā — the official index entry ↗

The documented relationship is “requires reference distinction”: Vijayā — the official index entry to Pharmacopoeia and formulary. Monograph identity and formulation reference are not interchangeable.

Evidence for this connection
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
Sources & access
PCIM&H: pharmacopoeias, formularies and supporting documents ↗

PCIM&H · official explanatory FAQ

official-page-search-index · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed official text distinguishes pharmacopoeial standards from formulation compendia. Direct opening timed out on 26 October 2026; no complete-page or current legal-status review is claimed.
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
Presentation scope

Current Ayurvedic medicines and pharmacopoeial standards · standards-reference, source-index

This pharmacopoeial record identifies a standard within its cited scope. It is not a commercial licence, a product test or permission to market a medicine.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-api-afi

monograph / 10 January 2023

A shared vocabulary, with a defined scope

WHO published an international Ayurveda terminology reference in January 2023.

Reading note
Bibliographic record verified; full-text access unavailable. No unseen term definitions are quoted, and terminology standardization is not efficacy validation.

Record & context
exact title
WHO international standard terminologies on Ayurveda
isbn
9789240064935
pages
588
full text reviewed
false
Follow the documented connections 1
has terminology reference · to this recordAn Ayurvedic vocabulary for materials and bodies ↗

The documented relationship is “has terminology reference”: An Ayurvedic vocabulary for materials and bodies to A shared vocabulary, with a defined scope. Publication metadata only; unseen definitions are not attributed.

Evidence for this connection
WHO international standard terminologies on Ayurveda ↗

World Health Organization 2023 · terminology publication

catalogue-only · Checked 2026-10-26
WHO publication page verified: 10 January 2023, 588 pages, electronic ISBN 9789240064935. Full PDF retrieval returned an access challenge, so no numbered term or unseen passage is attributed to it.
Sources & access
WHO international standard terminologies on Ayurveda ↗

World Health Organization 2023 · terminology publication

catalogue-only · Checked 2026-10-26
WHO publication page verified: 10 January 2023, 588 pages, electronic ISBN 9789240064935. Full PDF retrieval returned an access challenge, so no numbered term or unseen passage is attributed to it.
Presentation scope

Current Ayurvedic medicines and pharmacopoeial standards · standards-reference, source-index

This pharmacopoeial record identifies a standard within its cited scope. It is not a commercial licence, a product test or permission to market a medicine.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-who-terminology

legal / Notification 21 December 2023

The 2023 API amendment: keep the version visible

The notification lists amendments to specified API volumes and sets commencement one year after its issue.

The inspected annexure has fourteen amendment contexts. None names Vijayā. That bounded finding does not certify the 1986 monograph as the current complete standard.

Reading note
Later applicable publications and the complete monograph still need reconciliation. A later Drugs Rules amendment is not automatically an API monograph revision.

Record & context
jurisdiction
India
instrument
F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777
issued
2023-12-21
effective date
2024-12-21
effective date basis
Derived from the notification: one year after date of issue
last reviewed
2026-10-26
regulatory state
Original notification reviewed; full edition lineage incomplete
vijaya specific amendment in this document
false
current standard certified
false
Follow the documented connections 2
issues notification · to this recordPCIM&H ↗

PCIM&H issued the notification described in “The 2023 API amendment: keep the version visible”. The record links to the dated instrument. Only the inspected amendment and its stated scope are represented.

Evidence for this connection
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
has edition context · to this recordVijayā — the official index entry ↗

The documented relationship is “has edition context”: Vijayā — the official index entry to The 2023 API amendment: keep the version visible. Bibliographic context; no Vijayā-specific amendment appears in this notification.

Evidence for this connection
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
Sources & access
API Parts I and II: amendment notification of 21 December 2023 ↗

PCIM&H; official copy hosted by CCRAS 2023 · official notification

full-document-image-reviewed · Checked 2026-10-26
All five scanned pages reviewed. The bibliography lists API I/I as 1986 (Revised). The fourteen amendment contexts contain no Vijayā-specific entry; this does not settle every later revision.
Locator: F.No.PCIM&H/Tech.29062/SAB-3/2023-24/1777; notification and annexure
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-api-2023-amendment

legal / 1945 Rules; dated consolidation and selected 2026 changes reviewed

Schedule E(1): the plant-part distinction

The Ayurvedic list includes Bhanga, except seeds, identified as Cannabis sativa Linn.

Rule 161(2) addresses conspicuous medical-supervision caution in English and Hindi for covered medicines intended for internal human use.

Reading note
The seed exception in this list is not blanket permission for a food, cosmetic, animal product or medicinal claim. Classification and other applicable law remain separate.

Record & context
jurisdiction
India
instrument
Drugs Rules, 1945, Schedule E(1) and rule 161(2)
effective date basis
Historical rule insertion date not independently reconstructed; source is a dated consolidation
last reviewed
2026-10-26
regulatory state
Selected provisions reviewed, not a fully consolidated legal opinion
plant part qualification
Bhanga except seeds
medical supervision warning languages
English · Hindi
Follow the documented connections 2
requires separate legal reading · to this recordNDPS: name the material precisely ↗

The documented relationship is “requires separate legal reading”: NDPS: name the material precisely to Schedule E(1): the plant-part distinction. Different instruments define materials and safeguards for different purposes.

Evidence for this connection
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 ↗

Parliament of India; India Code 1985 · central statute

official-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Selected definitions in section 2 and the enabling provision in section 14. State implementation and permissions are not established by this bounded reading.
Locator: Sections 2(iii), 2(iv) and 14
Drugs Rules, 1945: CDSCO consolidated text through 2022 ↗

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation 2022 · official consolidated rules

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Schedule E(1) and rule 161(2) checked in this dated consolidation. Read alongside later amendments; it is not a consolidated 2026 rulebook.
Locator: PDF page 346: Schedule E(1); PDF page 190: rule 161(2)
read alongside later amendment · from this recordJuly 2026: changed rules, not a new Vijayā monograph ↗

The documented relationship is “read alongside later amendment”: Schedule E(1): the plant-part distinction to July 2026: changed rules, not a new Vijayā monograph. The 2022 consolidation alone is insufficient for a current complete label assessment.

Evidence for this connection
Drugs Rules, 1945: CDSCO consolidated text through 2022 ↗

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation 2022 · official consolidated rules

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Schedule E(1) and rule 161(2) checked in this dated consolidation. Read alongside later amendments; it is not a consolidated 2026 rulebook.
Locator: PDF page 346: Schedule E(1); PDF page 190: rule 161(2)
Drugs (Eleventh Amendment) Rules, 2026 ↗

Ministry of Ayush, Gazette of India 2026 · official gazette

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
G.S.R.657(E), 24 July 2026. English notification and relevant licensing, label and Schedule T amendments inspected. This is a Drugs Rules amendment, not a revised Vijayā monograph.
Locator: 49-page PDF; English notification begins on PDF page 29
Sources & access
Drugs Rules, 1945: CDSCO consolidated text through 2022 ↗

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation 2022 · official consolidated rules

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Schedule E(1) and rule 161(2) checked in this dated consolidation. Read alongside later amendments; it is not a consolidated 2026 rulebook.
Locator: PDF page 346: Schedule E(1); PDF page 190: rule 161(2)
Drugs (Eleventh Amendment) Rules, 2026 ↗

Ministry of Ayush, Gazette of India 2026 · official gazette

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
G.S.R.657(E), 24 July 2026. English notification and relevant licensing, label and Schedule T amendments inspected. This is a Drugs Rules amendment, not a revised Vijayā monograph.
Locator: 49-page PDF; English notification begins on PDF page 29
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-schedule-e1

legal / 7 August 2024

7 August 2024: a separate clearance step

The Ayush order directs state and Union Territory licensing authorities to refer covered ASU formulations for Central Government review.

It covers specified Bhanga/Ganja/Charas/Bhang and Ahiphena/Abini/Afiyun ingredients, with seed exceptions, in the named ASU drug categories. Covered manufacturing-for-sale licences require central clearance under the order.

Reading note
The document is verified. Subsequent directions, litigation, revocation and individual state implementation are not exhaustively resolved here; confirm the current procedure with the competent authority.

Record & context
jurisdiction
India; directions to state and Union Territory licensing authorities
instrument
T-11011/11/2021-DCC under section 33P
issued
2024-08-07
effective date
2024-08-07
effective date basis
Dated order; no later commencement specified in the inspected document
last reviewed
2026-10-26
regulatory state
Order verified; present operational application requires confirmation
current operational status verified
false
Follow the documented connections 2
issues order · to this recordMinistry of Ayush ↗

Ministry of Ayush issued the order described in “7 August 2024: a separate clearance step”. Follow the original document to read its scope. Dated order verified; subsequent operational status requires confirmation.

Evidence for this connection
Ayush order concerning specified Bhanga- and Ahiphena-containing ASU formulations ↗

Ministry of Ayush; official State Licensing Authority mirror 2024 · official order

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page order dated 7 August 2024, T-11011/11/2021-DCC, under section 33P. Reviewed as an original order; later case-specific implementation and clearance remain unverified.
has administrative context · from this recorde-Aushadhi ↗

“7 August 2024: a separate clearance step” connects to e-Aushadhi through its administrative context. The linked sources explain the specific role. No individual application or clearance has been verified.

Evidence for this connection
Ayush order concerning specified Bhanga- and Ahiphena-containing ASU formulations ↗

Ministry of Ayush; official State Licensing Authority mirror 2024 · official order

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page order dated 7 August 2024, T-11011/11/2021-DCC, under section 33P. Reviewed as an original order; later case-specific implementation and clearance remain unverified.
e-Aushadhi: ASU&H licensing portal ↗

Ministry of Ayush · licensing portal

official-portal · Checked 2026-10-26
Official workflow discovery. No Mount Herbs application, licence, clearance or regulator decision was inspected.
Sources & access
Ayush order concerning specified Bhanga- and Ahiphena-containing ASU formulations ↗

Ministry of Ayush; official State Licensing Authority mirror 2024 · official order

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page order dated 7 August 2024, T-11011/11/2021-DCC, under section 33P. Reviewed as an original order; later case-specific implementation and clearance remain unverified.
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-clearance-2024

legal / Notification 24 July 2026; commencement on Gazette publication

July 2026: changed rules, not a new Vijayā monograph

G.S.R.657(E) amends ASU licensing, product coding, labelling and related rules.

Selected changes concern perpetual licence validity, Specific Product Codes and supplementary digital label information. The notification also sets a Schedule T compliance transition.

Reading note
Digital information does not replace every printed declaration. This review found no express revocation of the 7 August 2024 order in this notification; absence here does not establish its complete current legal status.

Record & context
jurisdiction
India
instrument
Drugs (Eleventh Amendment) Rules, 2026; G.S.R.657(E)
issued
2026-07-24
effective date basis
On publication in the Official Gazette; notification date and publication/signature timestamps must not be conflated
last reviewed
2026-10-26
regulatory state
Selected amended provisions verified; full current compliance assessment outstanding
api monograph amendment
false
amended provisions
154(4) · 154A(5) · 157(1C) · 158B(VII) · 161(1) · 161(3)(iv) · 161(3A) · 161B · Schedule T
schedule tTransition
Not later than 31 July 2029
Follow the documented connections 2
issues notification · to this recordMinistry of Ayush ↗

Ministry of Ayush issued the notification described in “July 2026: changed rules, not a new Vijayā monograph”. The record links to the dated instrument. Issuing this notification does not establish every necessary product permission.

Evidence for this connection
Drugs (Eleventh Amendment) Rules, 2026 ↗

Ministry of Ayush, Gazette of India 2026 · official gazette

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
G.S.R.657(E), 24 July 2026. English notification and relevant licensing, label and Schedule T amendments inspected. This is a Drugs Rules amendment, not a revised Vijayā monograph.
Locator: 49-page PDF; English notification begins on PDF page 29
read alongside later amendment · to this recordSchedule E(1): the plant-part distinction ↗

The documented relationship is “read alongside later amendment”: Schedule E(1): the plant-part distinction to July 2026: changed rules, not a new Vijayā monograph. The 2022 consolidation alone is insufficient for a current complete label assessment.

Evidence for this connection
Drugs Rules, 1945: CDSCO consolidated text through 2022 ↗

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation 2022 · official consolidated rules

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Schedule E(1) and rule 161(2) checked in this dated consolidation. Read alongside later amendments; it is not a consolidated 2026 rulebook.
Locator: PDF page 346: Schedule E(1); PDF page 190: rule 161(2)
Drugs (Eleventh Amendment) Rules, 2026 ↗

Ministry of Ayush, Gazette of India 2026 · official gazette

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
G.S.R.657(E), 24 July 2026. English notification and relevant licensing, label and Schedule T amendments inspected. This is a Drugs Rules amendment, not a revised Vijayā monograph.
Locator: 49-page PDF; English notification begins on PDF page 29
Sources & access
Drugs (Eleventh Amendment) Rules, 2026 ↗

Ministry of Ayush, Gazette of India 2026 · official gazette

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
G.S.R.657(E), 24 July 2026. English notification and relevant licensing, label and Schedule T amendments inspected. This is a Drugs Rules amendment, not a revised Vijayā monograph.
Locator: 49-page PDF; English notification begins on PDF page 29
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-rules-2026

legal / 1985 Act; selected provisions checked 26 October 2026

NDPS: name the material precisely

The Act distinguishes the cannabis plant from charas and ganja as defined materials.

The ganja definition concerns flowering or fruiting tops, excluding seeds and leaves when not accompanied by tops. Section 14 enables permissions for specified fibre, seed and horticultural purposes.

Reading note
An exclusion within a definition or an enabling power is not automatic cultivation or sale authorization. State rules, product purpose and actual permissions remain necessary questions.

Record & context
jurisdiction
India; state implementation separately required
instrument
NDPS Act, 1985, sections 2(iii), 2(iv), 14
effective date
1985-11-14
effective date basis
Commencement recorded in the official Act
last reviewed
2026-10-26
regulatory state
Selected central provisions reviewed; not an all-state permission map
Follow the documented connections 1
requires separate legal reading · from this recordSchedule E(1): the plant-part distinction ↗

The documented relationship is “requires separate legal reading”: NDPS: name the material precisely to Schedule E(1): the plant-part distinction. Different instruments define materials and safeguards for different purposes.

Evidence for this connection
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 ↗

Parliament of India; India Code 1985 · central statute

official-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Selected definitions in section 2 and the enabling provision in section 14. State implementation and permissions are not established by this bounded reading.
Locator: Sections 2(iii), 2(iv) and 14
Drugs Rules, 1945: CDSCO consolidated text through 2022 ↗

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation 2022 · official consolidated rules

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Schedule E(1) and rule 161(2) checked in this dated consolidation. Read alongside later amendments; it is not a consolidated 2026 rulebook.
Locator: PDF page 346: Schedule E(1); PDF page 190: rule 161(2)
Sources & access
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 ↗

Parliament of India; India Code 1985 · central statute

official-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Selected definitions in section 2 and the enabling provision in section 14. State implementation and permissions are not established by this bounded reading.
Locator: Sections 2(iii), 2(iv) and 14
Presentation scope

Government and legal information · legal-reference, source-index

This source-linked educational record does not verify a Mount Herbs product, batch, licence, commercial claim or institutional endorsement.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

source verified. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Original editorial summary; linked publications retain their own rights. No manuscript facsimile or full publication is reproduced.

2026-10-26 · Initial bounded source review; unavailable primary detail remains explicit.

Record ID: india-ndps-parts

The canonical historical stops · 26

event / Tens of millions of years ago

Before a human name

Cannabis and hops belong to the same botanical family. Long before either became a crop, their ancestral lineages separated. Genes in living plants still carry traces of that relationship. Comparing them with a clock calibrated by fossils places the split millions of years before agriculture. The estimate describes a branching lineage, rather than the appearance of one first cannabis plant.

A 2023 hop-genome study estimated the Cannabis–Humulus divergence at about 22.6 million years ago using a fossil-calibrated Bayesian molecular clock. Its 95% highest posterior density interval extended from approximately 15.7 to 28.8 million years. Other methods in the same study produced estimates around 16–17 million years. The spread matters: fossil calibration, sampled genes and statistical method influence the date inferred from living genomes.

Reading note
A molecular estimate is not a directly observed birth date. It does not identify the first cannabis individual, settle the plant’s precise birthplace, or establish where people first used it.

Record & context
date basis
Modelled lineage divergence
era
DEEP TIME
kind
Molecular dating estimate
place
An evolutionary lineage, before recorded geography
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
An improved assembly of the ‘Cascade’ hop (Humulus lupulus) genome uncovers signatures of molecular evolution and refines time of divergence estimates for the Cannabaceae family ↗

Lillian K. Padgitt-Cobb, Nicholi J. Pitra, Paul D. Matthews, John A. Henning and David A. Hendrix 2023 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-branching-lineages

event / c. 19.6 million years ago

A trace in the sediment

Tiny pollen grains offer another route into deep time. A record from northwestern China, dated to about 19.6 million years ago, resembles cannabis or hops. Researchers read the surrounding vegetation as a clue: open steppe favours a cannabis interpretation. A wider synthesis proposes an origin near the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, but the grains cannot settle the plant’s birthplace.

McPartland, Hegman and Long reviewed 155 Asian fossil-pollen studies in 2019. Their oldest Cannabis–Humulus pollen record consistent with cannabis was dated to about 19.6 million years ago in northwestern China. Because cannabis and hop pollen can be difficult to distinguish, they used accompanying steppe or forest pollen as ecological clues. Their proposed origin near Qinghai Lake also draws on the reconstructed history of steppe vegetation.

Reading note
Pollen identification and ecological inference remain uncertain. This hypothesis does not establish a particular Himalayan valley as the plant’s origin, and it cannot reveal cultivation or the chemical composition of these ancient plants.

Record & context
date basis
Age assigned to a pollen record
era
MIOCENE
kind
Pollen synthesis and geographic hypothesis
place
Northwestern China · northeastern Tibetan Plateau hypothesis
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabis in Asia: its center of origin and early cultivation, based on a synthesis of subfossil pollen and archaeobotanical studies ↗

John M. McPartland, William Hegman and Tengwen Long 2019 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-pollen-and-place

event / About 12,000 years ago: model · 8280–7660 BCE: remains

Into human hands

At Okinoshima in Japan, excavated cannabis fruits put a tangible object into this story: remains dated to 8280–7660 BCE. A separate study of living genomes places an early domestication-related split around 12,000 years ago. These are different kinds of evidence for a long relationship in East Asia. Neither identifies the first grower or tells us what every seed was used for.

A 2021 genomic study modelled a domestication-associated divergence around 12,000 years before present, with a broad 95% interval of roughly 6,458–15,728 years. Separately, directly dated Cannabis fruits from Okinoshima in Chiba have a calibrated range reported as 8280–7660 BCE in a later archaeobotanical review. The genomic result is an inference from modern samples; the Japanese finds are physical remains, with possible cultivation discussed by their investigators.

Reading note
The genomic estimate is modelled elapsed time, not a calibrated radiocarbon date. The archaeological range uses calendar BCE. Neither establishes a first grower, a single route of spread or the use of every find.

Record & context
date basis
Genomic model and calibrated remains
era
EARLY HOLOCENE
kind
Genomic inference and dated archaeobotany
place
East Asia · Okinoshima, Chiba, Japan
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordRadiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

The existing Natural History record “Into human hands” cites “Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of Cannabis sativa ↗

Guangpeng Ren and colleagues 2021 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Morphometric approaches to Cannabis evolution and differentiation from archaeological sites: interpreting the archaeobotanical evidence from bronze age Haimenkou, Yunnan ↗

Rita Dal Martello, Rui Min, Chris J. Stevens, Ling Qin and Dorian Q. Fuller 2024; first published online 2023 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-human-hands

event / c. 1650–400 BCE

Grain, thread, cloth

More than 800 cannabis grains survived in the ancient settlement of Haimenkou in Yunnan. Farther north, a roll of hemp cloth from Gaocheng Taixi records another use of the plant. The grains and cloth belong to separate places and periods. Together, they bring its material history into view, without revealing the purpose of every seed.

Haimenkou’s grains come from contexts dated about 1650–400 BCE, mostly one deposit from 1400–1100 BCE. The study also reviews hemp cloth from Shang-period Gaocheng Taixi, approximately 1600–1046 BCE. Seed measurements help investigate crop differentiation; they do not measure ancient cannabinoid chemistry.

Reading note
These are separate sites and contexts. They do not demonstrate identical practices across China, reveal the use of every grain, or validate every proposed earlier hemp textile.

Record & context
date basis
Archaeological context range
era
BRONZE AGE TO EARLY IRON AGE
kind
Archaeobotany and material remains
place
Haimenkou, Yunnan · Gaocheng Taixi, Hebei
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Morphometric approaches to Cannabis evolution and differentiation from archaeological sites: interpreting the archaeobotanical evidence from bronze age Haimenkou, Yunnan ↗

Rita Dal Martello, Rui Min, Chris J. Stevens, Ling Qin and Dorian Q. Fuller 2024; first published online 2023 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-grain-and-cloth

event / c. 500 BCE

What the brazier retained

In the eastern Pamirs, wooden braziers survived in graves at Jirzankal Cemetery. Chemical testing found traces consistent with cannabis burned around 500 BCE. The residues connect the plant to a funerary setting and support an interpretation of smoke inhalation. They preserve a physical trace of the ceremony, while leaving its words, meanings and individual experiences beyond our reach.

A 2019 study analysed residues from braziers at Jirzankal, dated to about 500 BCE. Cannabinol, a degradation product associated with THC, supported the interpretation that cannabis was burned and its smoke inhaled during funerary rituals. The authors inferred relatively THC-rich material. This is among the earliest directly dated, chemically supported evidence for such ritual use; the study did not recover a measurable original THC percentage.

Reading note
Chemical residues do not supply a complete ritual narrative or a modern potency comparison. This is not the first evidence of all cannabis use, nor evidence that the practice provided a medical benefit.

Record & context
date basis
Dated archaeological context
era
FIRST MILLENNIUM BCE
kind
Archaeological chemical-residue analysis
place
Jirzankal Cemetery · eastern Pamirs
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordThe origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs ↗

The existing Natural History record “What the brazier retained” cites “The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs ↗

Meng Ren, Zihua Tang, Xinhua Wu, Robert Spengler, Hongen Jiang, Yimin Yang and Nicole Boivin 2019 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs ↗

Meng Ren, Zihua Tang, Xinhua Wu, Robert Spengler, Hongen Jiang, Yimin Yang and Nicole Boivin 2019 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-pamir-braziers

event / First–second centuries CE

A plant in the written record

Cannabis appears in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, a Chinese materia medica associated with the first and second centuries CE. Written entries preserve names and beliefs that a seed or a textile cannot. Later authors returned to those entries, sometimes disagreeing over which plant parts the names described. The text’s legendary association with Shennong is separate from its historical date.

Brand and Zhao’s 2017 review places the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing in the first or second century CE. Their examination of Chinese medical literature distinguishes references to seed fruits from other plant parts and explores how historical terminology complicates interpretation. The work’s traditional association with Shennong does not date its composition to the third millennium BCE. Its historical indications require interpretation within the medical concepts of their periods.

Reading note
A documented historical prescription is not modern clinical evidence. Legendary authorship should not become a dated discovery claim, and ancient plant-part names cannot always be mapped confidently onto current preparations.

Record & context
date basis
Period assigned to a historical text
era
EARLY IMPERIAL CHINA
kind
Historical medical-text scholarship
place
China · the early bencao tradition
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordCannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

The existing Natural History record “A plant in the written record” cites “Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids?”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? ↗

E. Joseph Brand and Zhongzhen Zhao 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-chinese-pharmacopeia

event / Eleventh–thirteenth centuries CE

Reading the names carefully

Vaṅgasena’s eleventh-century Cikitsāsārasaṃgraha contains a clear reference to ingestible medicinal or intoxicating cannabis. The later Ānandakanda discusses cultivation, preparations and dangers at greater length. These texts give the plant a more definite place in a medieval written record. Earlier names remain contested: tracing a manuscript’s language is different from establishing when people first encountered the plant in South Asia.

Patricia Sauthoff’s 2024 study revisits earlier philological research, including Dominik Wujastyk’s identification of an eleventh-century reference in Vaṅgasena’s Cikitsāsārasaṃgraha to ingestible medicinal or intoxicating cannabis. The twelfth–thirteenth-century Ānandakanda offers an extended discussion involving cultivation, preparations and dangers. The study also examines ambiguous names and challenges some retrospective identifications. These texts support a medieval written history; they do not establish when cannabis first reached or was used in South Asia.

Reading note
Earlier bhaṅga references and identifications of soma are contested. Textual claims, mythology and prescriptions are not modern safety or efficacy findings, and no single manuscript establishes an Indian invention of cannabis use.

Record & context
date basis
Periods assigned to historical texts
era
MEDIEVAL SOUTH ASIA
kind
Philology and historical textual research
place
South Asia · Sanskrit medical and alchemical literature
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordCannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

The existing Natural History record “Reading the names carefully” cites “Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-sanskrit-texts

event / 14th–15th centuries CE

Many voices, one herb

In the 1460s, al-Badrī gathered comments and verses in a work on wine and cannabis. Poets, historians and jurists offered praise, disapproval and conflicting judgments; regional and occupational names filled out the picture. The anthology preserves a conversation across different voices. Reading it means keeping those voices distinct, rather than turning them into a single account of what a whole society believed.

Harvard scholar Adam Bremer-McCollum’s 2025 research reflection examines fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Arabic sources by historians, jurists and poets. It dates al-Badrī’s two-part collection to the 1460s and discusses regional vocabulary alongside opposing evaluations. These are textual witnesses read through historical scholarship. Their different voices help document how people wrote and argued about cannabis; they are not population surveys or a chronology of the plant’s arrival.

Reading note
These writings do not express a universal Islamic position, prove a first use, or establish that every region shared the same practices. Literary voices must remain distinct from direct observation.

Record & context
date basis
Period of manuscript composition
era
MEDIEVAL ARABIC WRITING
kind
Original research on historical manuscripts
place
Arabic literary and legal traditions · al-Badrī’s anthology
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordJust Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

The existing Natural History record “Many voices, one herb” cites “Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum · Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions 2025 · canonical history

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Just Call It Weed: On Arabic Edibles ↗

Adam Bremer-McCollum · Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions 2025 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

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Record ID: event-arabic-voices

event / 16th century CE

Fibre at sea

Hemp went to sea as working material. An anchor cable recovered from the Mary Rose and sailcloth from the Scheurrak wreck show how its fibres served aboard sixteenth-century ships. The Scheurrak vessel carried Baltic grain. After centuries underwater, these objects still connect the plant with the people who made ropes and sails, and with the ships that carried goods across the water.

The Mary Rose conservation team identifies its recovered anchor cable as hemp, with more than one hundred metres raised. The ship sank in 1545. NICAS identifies Scheurrak SO1’s surviving sailcloth as hemp fabric. The Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency describes that wreck as a merchant ship carrying Baltic wheat, lost shortly before 1600. These are documented material objects, rather than a general claim about every ship of the period.

Reading note
These finds do not establish that all contemporary sails were hemp, identify where these fibres grew, or prove a maritime first. Scheurrak’s exact sinking date remains uncertain.

Record & context
date basis
Period of surviving material objects
era
EARLY MODERN MARITIME WORLD
kind
Surviving objects and conservation research
place
The Mary Rose · the Scheurrak SO1 wreck
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Doing the twist: anchor cable cleaning ↗

Mary Rose Museum · conservation team 2023 · canonical history

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Life of the Mary Rose ↗

Mary Rose Museum Museum historical account · canonical history

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Feasibility study for treatment of archaeological sail from the Scheurrak SO1 shipwreck (late 16th-century) ↗

Netherlands Institute for Conservation+Art+Science Conservation research project · canonical history

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Scheurrak SO1 ↗

Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands · MaSS Official wreck record · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

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Record ID: event-fibre-at-sea

event / 1839 / 1843 · 1893–94

Knowledge under empire

O’Shaughnessy’s reports brought Indian and Persian knowledge into British medical publishing alongside his own observations. They did not begin the plant’s medical history. Decades later, the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission examined cultivation, trade and consumption under colonial rule. Its inquiry opposed total prohibition while considering harms and restrictions. Both records need to be read with their authors, purposes and unequal setting in view.

O’Shaughnessy’s 1843 journal publication identifies an earlier Calcutta report from 1839 and acknowledges Indian and Persian knowledge alongside his observations. The Indian Hemp Drugs Commission of 1893–94 subsequently assessed cultivation and consumption. Its report opposed total prohibition and favoured restriction through taxation, while considering harms and unintended effects. These are historical positions from a colonial inquiry, not the conclusions of a contemporary controlled clinical study.

Reading note
O’Shaughnessy did not discover that cannabis had medicinal uses. The Commission’s conclusions should be attributed to its historical setting and cannot establish that cannabis is harmless or effective as a modern treatment.

Original title page of William Brooke O’Shaughnessy’s 1839 publication on Indian hemp, printed at Bishop’s College Press in Calcutta, with handwritten ownership notes.

Historical source context

An original 1839 title page from the Wellcome copy. Its place of publication, author and historical medical language remain visible, rather than being replaced by a modern imitation.

W. B. O’Shaughnessy; Bishop’s College Press, Calcutta (1839); digitisation: Wellcome Collection · 1839 · Public Domain Mark 1.0

This 1839 edition is distinct from the 1843 publication linked in the historical record. Its title describes historical claims, not present-day efficacy, safety or prescribing permission. The retrieved institutional rendition is 1600 × 2940 pixels; no synthetic sharpening or reconstruction was applied.

Historical botanical plate labelled Cannabis Indica (Gunjah), from the Wellcome image of O’Shaughnessy’s 1839 publication.

Historical source context

The botanical plate associated with O’Shaughnessy’s 1839 text, held by Wellcome. Its original terminology is retained as historical evidence.

From W. B. O’Shaughnessy’s 1839 publication; photograph: Wellcome Library, London, L0005752 · 1839 publication; photographic date not established · CC BY 4.0

The historical name on the plate is not a determination of a modern cultivar or chemotype. This is neither the Vijayā pharmacopoeial monograph nor a modern product-use illustration. Complete source composition retained; resized delivery copies only.

Record & context
date basis
Report publication and inquiry dates
era
NINETEENTH CENTURY
kind
Historical medical report and colonial inquiry
place
Colonial India · Calcutta and British medical publishing
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
On the Preparations of the Indian Hemp, or Gunjah (Cannabis Indica): Their Effects on the Animal System in Health, and their Utility in the Treatment of Tetanus and other Convulsive Diseases ↗

William Brooke O’Shaughnessy 1843; revising a report published in Calcutta in 1839 · canonical history

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On the Preparations of the Indian Hemp, or Gunjah: digitized historical text ↗

William Brooke O’Shaughnessy; transcription hosted by Project Gutenberg 1843 historical text · canonical history

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Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94: Chapter XIV, paragraphs 586–587 ↗

Indian Hemp Drugs Commission; digitized by the National Library of Scotland 1894 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

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Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: event-knowledge-and-empire

event / c. 1942

Fibre for a wartime economy

The American wartime film Hemp for Victory follows hemp from the field into manufacture: growing the crop, harvesting stalks, separating fibre and making useful materials. It shows the people and machinery involved in that work. It also had a job to do: encourage production for the war effort. Watching it today means keeping that purpose in mind.

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Hemp for Victory is dated circa 1942 in the National Agricultural Library archive. The film documents cultivation, harvesting and the manufacture and military uses of hemp fibre and coarse cloth. It is an original record of a specific wartime campaign, providing evidence of what that campaign promoted and how it presented the crop to its intended agricultural audience.

Reading note
A wartime promotional film is not a neutral account of the plant’s entire history. It does not mark the invention of hemp fibre or imply unrestricted permission for all cannabis cultivation and use.

Record & context
date basis
Approximate archival film date
era
SECOND WORLD WAR
kind
Original government film and archival record
place
United States · Department of Agriculture
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Hemp For Victory, circa 1942 ↗

United States Department of Agriculture; National Agricultural Library film archive c. 1942 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

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Record ID: event-wartime-fibre

event / 1964

A constituent becomes a structure

In 1964, Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam reported the isolation and structure of the compound we now call Δ9-THC. Researchers could study a defined molecule more precisely than a plant preparation whose composition might vary. That was an important step in understanding cannabis chemistry. Questions about its effects, risks and possible medical uses still needed their own experiments.

Their April 1964 paper in the Journal of the American Chemical Society describes isolation, structural identification and partial synthesis of an active constituent of hashish. This is a foundational THC milestone, not the discovery of the first cannabinoid or the completion of every subsequent stereochemical and synthetic question. The historical publication date is 1964; a later date on a digital publisher record reflects online availability.

Reading note
Identifying a molecule does not prove that a plant preparation treats a disease. THC chemistry should not be attributed to hemp seed oil or protein, and this paper was not a clinical trial.

Record & context
date basis
Research publication year
era
MOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
kind
Original chemical research
place
Israel · cannabinoid chemistry
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordIsolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

The existing Natural History record “A constituent becomes a structure” cites “Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

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Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

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Record ID: event-thc-structure

event / 1985 · 1961 treaty context

The importance of definitions

India’s 1985 NDPS Act distinguishes separated resin, flowering or fruiting tops, and specified preparations. Seeds and leaves are excluded from its definition of ganja when they are not accompanied by the tops. Those words matter: a plant is not a single legal category. Provisions for fibre and seed cultivation involve government authorization; the international treaty does not supply that permission by itself.

The NDPS Act was enacted on 16 September 1985 and came into force on 14 November. Section 2(iii) defines cannabis through charas, ganja and specified mixtures; seeds and leaves are excluded from ganja when unaccompanied by the tops. Section 14 allows government authorization, subject to conditions, for fibre, seed or horticulture. The 1961 Convention separately excludes cultivation exclusively for industrial fibre and seed or horticultural purposes from its application.

Reading note
These provisions do not automatically authorize cultivation or establish blanket legality for bhang. This is historical legal context, not advice about a current activity; applicable permissions and rules depend on jurisdiction and circumstances.

Record & context
date basis
Act year with earlier treaty context
era
INTERNATIONAL AND INDIAN LAW
kind
Primary legal instruments
place
India · the international treaty framework
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 ↗

Parliament of India; India Code 1985 · canonical history

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Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol ↗

United Nations 1961 / 1972 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

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Record ID: event-law-and-definitions

event / November 1988

A binding site comes into view

A labelled cannabinoid compound gave researchers a way to follow binding in rat-brain membranes. Their experiments identified a specific receptor site that could be measured and investigated. The question was becoming more precise: which biological structures respond to cannabinoids, and how? The receptor’s genetic instructions were still to be identified.

Devane and colleagues used a radiolabelled cannabinoid compound to characterize binding.

Reading note
Animal-tissue binding is not a patient trial, and the receptor had not yet been cloned.

Record & context
date basis
Research publication date
era
MOLECULAR DISCOVERY
kind
Original laboratory experiment
place
Laboratory research · publication milestone
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordDetermination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

The existing Natural History record “A binding site comes into view” cites “Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

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Sources & access
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain ↗

Devane and colleagues 1988 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

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Record ID: event-binding-site

event / 9 August 1990

The receptor’s genetic instructions

Matsuda and colleagues cloned the genetic instructions for the receptor now called CB1 and showed that it could function. A binding site could now be connected to a particular protein and its response. This opened a more detailed investigation of cannabinoid signalling, while leaving the body’s own signals to be identified.

The original paper reports cloning and functional expression of a cannabinoid-responsive G protein-coupled receptor.

Reading note
This was a cloning milestone, not discovery of the entire endocannabinoid system or proof of a treatment benefit.

Record & context
date basis
Research publication date
era
MOLECULAR DISCOVERY
kind
Original laboratory experiment
place
Laboratory research · publication milestone
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordStructure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

The existing Natural History record “The receptor’s genetic instructions” cites “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

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Sources & access
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

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Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-receptors-and-signals

event / 18 December 1992

A signal made within

The search moved from a plant compound to a molecule made within an animal. Researchers isolated anandamide from pig brain and found that it bound to the cannabinoid receptor. The receptor had an endogenous partner. This changed the scope of the investigation: scientists could ask how the body makes and uses its own cannabinoid signals.

The work identifies an endogenous ligand, rather than a constituent supplied by the plant.

Reading note
It does not mean the body needs cannabis, or establish a benefit from consuming it.

Record & context
date basis
Research publication date
era
MOLECULAR DISCOVERY
kind
Original laboratory experiment
place
Laboratory research · publication milestone
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordIsolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

The existing Natural History record “A signal made within” cites “Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

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Sources & access
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

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Record ID: event-anandamide

event / 2 September 1993

A second receptor

Another receptor expanded the picture. Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar reported the molecular characterization of what is now called CB2, including expression in splenic macrophages, a kind of immune cell. Cannabinoid signalling could no longer be described through the brain receptor alone. The finding opened biological questions; it did not demonstrate an immunity benefit from cannabis.

The original study reported receptor cloning and expression in splenic macrophages.

Reading note
Its historical expression findings are not a complete modern map of CB2, and do not establish an immunity benefit.

Record & context
date basis
Research publication date
era
MOLECULAR DISCOVERY
kind
Original laboratory experiment
place
Laboratory research · publication milestone
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordMolecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

The existing Natural History record “A second receptor” cites “Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

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Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Sources & access
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

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Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-second-receptor

event / 29 June · 4 October 1995

More than one internal signal

Two teams approached another internal signal from different tissues. One studied canine gut; the other studied brain. Their 1995 papers identified a cannabinoid-receptor role for 2-arachidonoylglycerol, usually called 2-AG. Together with the earlier receptor and anandamide findings, the experiments were building a picture of signalling within the body, rather than a system explained by one plant molecule.

Mechoulam and colleagues reported the intestinal-tissue finding in June; Sugiura and colleagues reported brain evidence in October.

Reading note
These studies concern a cannabinoid-ligand role for an existing lipid. They do not map the complete signalling system or demonstrate clinical efficacy.

Record & context
date basis
Two research publication dates
era
MOLECULAR DISCOVERY
kind
Original laboratory experiment
place
Laboratory research · publication milestone
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 2
documented in timeline · to this recordIdentification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

The existing Natural History record “More than one internal signal” cites “Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

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documented in timeline · to this record2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

The existing Natural History record “More than one internal signal” cites “2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

Sugiura and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

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Sources & access
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors ↗

Mechoulam and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

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2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain ↗

Sugiura and colleagues 1995 · canonical history

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Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

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Record ID: event-second-signal

event / 25 May 2017

From mechanism to a trial

A trial published in 2017 compared a specified cannabidiol oral solution with placebo in 120 children and young adults with Dravet syndrome. Both were added to existing treatment. Convulsive seizures declined more with cannabidiol, but adverse events and withdrawals were also more frequent. A biological mechanism had become a clinical question with a measured benefit and costs.

The randomized, double-blind comparison lasted 14 weeks. These results concern that formulation, patient group and follow-up period.

Reading note
This is evidence for a defined formulation and syndrome. It does not establish equivalent effects for seed oil, protein powder, every CBD preparation or all epilepsy.

Record & context
date basis
Trial publication date
era
CONTROLLED CLINICAL EVIDENCE
kind
Randomized controlled trial
place
Dravet syndrome · a randomized trial
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 1
documented in timeline · to this recordTrial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

The existing Natural History record “From mechanism to a trial” cites “Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome”. The canonical timeline cites this source; this edge does not date a new event.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

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Sources & access
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

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Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

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Record ID: event-controlled-trial

event / 25 June 2018

A medicine with a defined scope

The FDA’s 2018 decision named a medicine and two conditions: Epidiolex, a cannabidiol oral solution, for seizures associated with Dravet and Lennox–Gastaut syndromes. Its original US authorization covered patients aged two years and older. This was a precise step from research into regulated care, with safety obligations attached. It did not extend the same evidence to every cannabis, CBD or hemp product.

The FDA’s original approval package for Epidiolex, dated 25 June 2018, covers seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome in patients aged two years and older at that time. The decision followed a product-specific assessment and included safety obligations, including attention to liver injury. This chapter records the initial 2018 authorization, rather than presenting its original indication and age range as the complete current prescribing label.

Reading note
This approval does not cover hemp seed oil, protein, ordinary CBD products, whole cannabis or Mount Herbs goods. It is a U.S. regulatory milestone, not treatment guidance or a claim of universal safety.

Record & context
date basis
Original US approval date
era
REGULATED MEDICINE
kind
Original medicine approval and safety documentation
place
United States · Food and Drug Administration
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Epidiolex (cannabidiol) oral solution: original approval package, NDA 210365 ↗

U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2018 · canonical history

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Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

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Record ID: event-defined-medicine

event / 31 July 2020

A defined scope can change

The US authorization for Epidiolex expanded in 2020 to seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex and to patients aged one year and older. The medicine’s scope had changed through a further regulatory decision. Keeping the date beside that decision lets us distinguish the original 2018 approval from the later label.

The supplemental approval follows the original 2018 authorization for Dravet and Lennox–Gastaut syndromes.

Reading note
This US decision is not an Indian authorization, universal cannabis approval or evidence for consumer seed products.

Record & context
date basis
Supplemental US approval date
era
A SPECIFIC REGULATORY DECISION
kind
Official regulatory record
place
United States · FDA supplemental approval
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Epidiolex supplemental approval letter, 31 July 2020 ↗

US Food and Drug Administration 2020 · canonical history

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Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-expanded-indication

event / 2 December 2020

A change within the treaty

In December 2020, the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs voted to remove cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the 1961 Convention. This changed their classification within the treaty and acknowledged their medical uses, while international controls remained. It did not decide the law in every country. Governments still made their own decisions within their domestic legal systems.

Decision 63/17 was adopted on 2 December 2020 by 27 votes to 25, with one abstention. It deleted cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV while their Schedule I status remained. The WHO’s explanation emphasized that international controls continued. The decision therefore should not be described as removing cannabis from all international schedules, legalizing it worldwide, or approving every cannabis-derived product as a medicine.

Reading note
International rescheduling does not automatically rewrite every domestic law. This event establishes neither commercial permission for a particular product nor clinical efficacy for a particular preparation, condition or person.

Record & context
date basis
International decision date
era
INTERNATIONAL POLICY
kind
Official international scheduling decision
place
United Nations · Commission on Narcotic Drugs
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Report of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on its reconvened sixty-third session: Decision 63/17 ↗

United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs 2020 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs reclassifies cannabis to recognize its therapeutic uses ↗

World Health Organization 2020 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-un-rescheduling

event / 20 June 2024

A common point of reference

A dried, ground hemp material became a tool for checking laboratory measurements. NIST characterized Reference Material 8210 so laboratories could compare their cannabinoid and toxic-element results against common reference values. This quieter part of research matters: before interpreting a difference between samples, researchers need confidence in what their instruments measured.

Reference Material 8210 has non-certified reference values intended for laboratory controls and research.

Reading note
A reference material is not certification of a brand’s products, proof of purity or evidence of treatment benefit.

Record & context
date basis
Technical report publication date
era
MEASUREMENT & REPRODUCIBILITY
kind
Official technical publication
place
NIST · reference-material characterization
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Characterization of Reference Material 8210: Hemp Plant ↗

National Institute of Standards and Technology 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-measurement

event / 16 August 2024

Relief is not tumour response

For people with chemotherapy nausea and vomiting despite standard medicines, a trial tested an added oral THC:CBD extract. More participants avoided vomiting and rescue medication during the measured period, while sedation and dizziness were more common. The question concerned support during cancer treatment. It did not test whether cannabis treated the tumour.

Among 147 evaluable participants, complete response was 24% with extract versus 8% with placebo. Sedation and dizziness were more common.

Reading note
Complete response meant no emesis and no rescue medication over 0–120 hours. It was not a tumour response or complete absence of nausea.

Record & context
date basis
Trial online publication date
era
A CLINICAL QUESTION, PRECISELY DEFINED
kind
Randomized phase II/III trial
place
Refractory chemotherapy nausea and vomiting
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting ↗

Grimison and colleagues 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-supportive-care-trial

event / 2025

The map is still being made

In 2025, researchers brought 193 genome assemblies into a shared cannabis pangenome. Comparing many plants revealed diversity that a single reference could miss. A divergent Tibetan genome reopened a question running through the whole story: which populations are wild, and which descend from cultivation? Wider sampling may change the answer. The history begins with inference, and it remains open to revision.

Lynch and colleagues’ 2025 study assembled a cannabis pangenome resource comprising 193 genomes from 144 biological samples: 181 new assemblies and 12 existing ones. It documented extensive genomic diversity. A divergent Tibetan assembly contributed evidence suggesting wild relatives may persist in Asia, while the authors called for wider Asian and historical sampling. This complicates a simple account in which all wild progenitors have certainly disappeared.

Reading note
One divergent genome does not prove a birthplace or settle wild versus feral status. A pangenome is a research resource, not evidence of a product’s clinical benefits or a final answer to domestication.

Record & context
date basis
Research publication year
era
CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH
kind
Original comparative genomics and open questions
place
Global collections · questions across Asia
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Domesticated cannabinoid synthases amid a wild mosaic cannabis pangenome ↗

Ryan C. Lynch, Lillian K. Padgitt-Cobb, Andrea R. Garfinkel and colleagues 2025 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-unfinished-genome

event / 2025–2026

New studies. Different answers.

Recent studies have reached different answers about CBD and pain. In a larger fibromyalgia trial, placebo performed better than CBD. A small study of people with spinal cord injury found a modest signal of pain relief with CBD. To understand either result, we need to keep the condition, treatment and size of the study in view.

Condition, formulation, comparator and follow-up must remain attached to every result. Later studies may fall outside an earlier review’s search cutoff.

Reading note
Selected evidence checked 3 October 2026; not an exhaustive or continuously updated review. Negative and uncertain results remain part of the story.

Record & context
date basis
Online and issue publication years
era
THE RESEARCH HORIZON
kind
Contrasting randomized trials
place
Clinical trials · specific conditions and formulations
period filter
Only an unambiguous calendar year is indexed. Original date and qualification govern interpretation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabidiol versus placebo in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial ↗

Rasmussen and colleagues 2025 online; 2026 issue · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
High-dose cannabidiol for chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a randomised clinical trial ↗

Robertson and colleagues 2026 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Heritage, culture and community records · heritage-reference, source-index

A historical or cultural record does not verify present-day operations, a supplier relationship, product efficacy or medicinal authorization.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 14 October 2026. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; source links only

Record ID: event-different-answers

Existing molecular identities and biological targets · 85

molecule / Chemical identity

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

The best-known intoxicating cannabinoid, with a ring-closed structure.

In the US, prescription dronabinol is approved for selected chemotherapy-related nausea and AIDS-related appetite/weight-loss indications.

Reading note
Approval concerns specific medicines. Intoxication, impairment and adverse effects remain relevant; it does not establish benefits for seed foods.

Original chemical-structure panel for eight phytocannabinoids and the reference agonist CP55,940 in Zagzoog and colleagues’ 2020 study.

Original source image

The study’s own structure panel identifies eight compounds and its reference agonist. Small changes in a drawing are chemical identity changes, not interchangeable names.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Original author-drawn structures, retained without redrawing. This panel identifies tested materials; it does not establish equal effects, human benefit or the composition of a Mount Herbs product. Full publisher PNG preserved; smaller display variants are losslessly encoded after downsampling.

Record & context
family
THC family
pubchem cid
16078
formula
C21H30O2
aliases
Delta-9-THC · Dronabinol
structure note
Natural trans-(6aR,10aR) Δ9 configuration. Other THC isomers are not interchangeable.
evidence stage
medicine
role
Cannabinoid-receptor activity; selected prescription uses.
Follow the documented connections 2
characterizes · to this recordIsolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

“Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish” reports work characterizing Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. The finding and its limits are stated below. Chemical isolation and structure; not a claim of first traditional use.

Evidence for this connection
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
is acid precursor of · to this recordΔ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A ↗

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A is the acid precursor of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. They remain separate chemical identities. The acid precursor and neutral molecule are different chemical entities. The connection is explanatory, with no conversion procedure. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
Sources & access
FDA and Cannabis: Research and Drug Approval Process ↗

2026 · Regulator

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Current page checked 5 October 2026. Supports US prescription dronabinol indications; not approval of the plant or seed foods. The page has older CBD age wording, so the current product label is used for CBD.
PubChem: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol — CID 16078 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Natural trans-(6aR,10aR) Δ9 configuration. Other THC isomers are not interchangeable.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-thc

molecule / Chemical identity

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A

An acidic precursor that can lose carbon dioxide to form THC.

A 2017 study found PPARγ-related activity in cells and protection in a toxin-induced mouse model.

Reading note
This is preclinical research, not evidence that THCA treats a human neurodegenerative disease.

Original chemical-structure panel for eight phytocannabinoids and the reference agonist CP55,940 in Zagzoog and colleagues’ 2020 study.

Original source image

The study’s own structure panel identifies eight compounds and its reference agonist. Small changes in a drawing are chemical identity changes, not interchangeable names.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Original author-drawn structures, retained without redrawing. This panel identifies tested materials; it does not establish equal effects, human benefit or the composition of a Mount Herbs product. Full publisher PNG preserved; smaller display variants are losslessly encoded after downsampling.

Record & context
family
THC family
pubchem cid
98523
formula
C22H30O4
aliases
THCA · Δ9-THCA-A
structure note
Explicit natural trans-THCA-A identity; generic THCA name searches can return a different isomer.
evidence stage
animal
role
Acidic member of the THC biosynthetic branch.
Follow the documented connections 2
forms product · to this recordFrom plant anatomy to cannabinoid biosynthesis ↗

The experimentally studied pathway forms Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A; this is a chemical relationship. THCA is the enzyme reaction product. This edge does not mean direct enzymatic synthesis of neutral THC. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
is acid precursor of · from this recordΔ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ↗

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A is the acid precursor of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. They remain separate chemical identities. The acid precursor and neutral molecule are different chemical entities. The connection is explanatory, with no conversion procedure. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
Sources & access
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid is a potent PPARγ agonist with neuroprotective activity ↗

2017 · Cell and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. THCA-A receptor/cell experiments and a toxin-induced mouse model; no clinical treatment result. DOI: 10.1111/bph.14019.
PubChem: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A — CID 98523 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Explicit natural trans-THCA-A identity; generic THCA name searches can return a different isomer.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-thca

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabidiol

A cannabinoid whose open-ring arrangement differs from THC.

The May 2026 US EPIDIOLEX label covers seizures associated with Dravet syndrome, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex from age one.

Reading note
This exact prescription formulation requires clinical monitoring. Liver injury, sedation and interactions occur; retail CBD and hemp seed oil are not equivalent.

Original chemical-structure panel for eight phytocannabinoids and the reference agonist CP55,940 in Zagzoog and colleagues’ 2020 study.

Original source image

The study’s own structure panel identifies eight compounds and its reference agonist. Small changes in a drawing are chemical identity changes, not interchangeable names.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Original author-drawn structures, retained without redrawing. This panel identifies tested materials; it does not establish equal effects, human benefit or the composition of a Mount Herbs product. Full publisher PNG preserved; smaller display variants are losslessly encoded after downsampling.

Record & context
family
CBD family
pubchem cid
644019
formula
C21H30O2
aliases
structure note
Natural (1R,6R) cannabidiol. Formula alone cannot distinguish CBD from THC.
evidence stage
medicine
role
Exact purified formulations have prescription evidence.
Follow the documented connections 2
investigates · to this recordTrial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

The documented relationship is “investigates”: Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome to Cannabidiol. Pharmaceutical oral formulation in a defined trial; not hemp seed products.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
investigates · to this recordCannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial ↗

The documented relationship is “investigates”: Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial to Cannabidiol. Exploratory cue-reactivity outcomes; not proven relapse prevention.

Evidence for this connection
Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial ↗

Yasmin L. Hurd; Sharron Spriggs; Julia Alishayev; Gary Winkel; Kristina Gurgov; Chris Kudrich; Anna M. Oprescu; Edwin Salsitz 2019 · original clinical study

MEDLINE record and abstract via Europe PMC inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Exploratory randomized study of cue-induced craving/anxiety. Short observation and surrogate outcomes do not establish prevention of relapse or a licensed treatment.
Sources & access
EPIDIOLEX prescribing information, revised May 2026 ↗

2026 · Medicine label

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full label available. Exact US prescription formulation, seizure indications, age range, liver monitoring, sedation and interactions; not an endorsement of other CBD products.
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
PubChem: Cannabidiol — CID 644019 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Natural (1R,6R) cannabidiol. Formula alone cannot distinguish CBD from THC.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-cbd

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabidiolic acid

The acidic counterpart of CBD found in the plant’s cannabinoid chemistry.

A 2019 study reported anticonvulsant activity in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome and measured cannabinoid-acid exposure.

Reading note
Mouse exposure and seizure results do not establish an effective or safe human treatment.

Original chemical-structure panel for eight phytocannabinoids and the reference agonist CP55,940 in Zagzoog and colleagues’ 2020 study.

Original source image

The study’s own structure panel identifies eight compounds and its reference agonist. Small changes in a drawing are chemical identity changes, not interchangeable names.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Original author-drawn structures, retained without redrawing. This panel identifies tested materials; it does not establish equal effects, human benefit or the composition of a Mount Herbs product. Full publisher PNG preserved; smaller display variants are losslessly encoded after downsampling.

Record & context
family
CBD family
pubchem cid
160570
formula
C22H30O4
aliases
structure note
Natural (1R,6R) CBDA; carboxylated CBD connectivity.
evidence stage
animal
role
Acid precursor to CBD through decarboxylation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Pharmacokinetics of Phytocannabinoid Acids and Anticonvulsant Effect of Cannabidiolic Acid in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome ↗

2019 · Animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. Acid-cannabinoid pharmacokinetics and CBDA anticonvulsant activity in a genetic mouse model. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00600.
PubChem: Cannabidiolic acid — CID 160570 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Natural (1R,6R) CBDA; carboxylated CBD connectivity.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-cbda

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabigerol

A cannabinoid with a flexible geranyl side chain.

A 2026 single-dose study in 12 healthy adults measured oral CBG exposure and tolerability; robust pharmacodynamic effects were not observed.

Reading note
A small acute study cannot establish disease benefit, long-term safety or safety in other populations.

Original chemical-structure panel for eight phytocannabinoids and the reference agonist CP55,940 in Zagzoog and colleagues’ 2020 study.

Original source image

The study’s own structure panel identifies eight compounds and its reference agonist. Small changes in a drawing are chemical identity changes, not interchangeable names.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Original author-drawn structures, retained without redrawing. This panel identifies tested materials; it does not establish equal effects, human benefit or the composition of a Mount Herbs product. Full publisher PNG preserved; smaller display variants are losslessly encoded after downsampling.

Record & context
family
CBG family
pubchem cid
5315659
formula
C21H32O2
aliases
structure note
The registry specifies the E geranyl-chain configuration.
evidence stage
human
role
Neutral counterpart of the biosynthetic precursor CBGA.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of oral cannabigerol in healthy adults ↗

2026 · Human study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary indexed abstract inspected. Single ascending-dose study in 12 healthy adults; tolerability and exposure, not disease-treatment efficacy. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104984.
PubChem: Cannabigerol — CID 5315659 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. The registry specifies the E geranyl-chain configuration.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-cbg

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabigerolic acid

A branch-point precursor in the production of several cannabinoid acids.

In 2021 mouse experiments, CBGA protected in some seizure tests but worsened seizures in other models or conditions.

Reading note
The conflicting effects rule out a simple anticonvulsant claim. Human benefit is not established here.

Record & context
family
CBG family
pubchem cid
6449999
formula
C22H32O4
aliases
structure note
E geranyl-chain acid; distinct from neutral CBG.
evidence stage
animal
role
Biosynthetic precursor; acid counterpart of CBG.
Follow the documented connections 1
uses substrate · to this recordFrom plant anatomy to cannabinoid biosynthesis ↗

The experimentally studied pathway uses Cannabigerolic acid as a substrate. CBGA is the substrate in the THCA-synthase reaction studied; no practical synthesis instructions are provided. This relation establishes neither clinical efficacy, endorsement of Mount Herbs, nor medicinal authorization.

Evidence for this connection
The gene controlling marijuana psychoactivity: molecular cloning and heterologous expression of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L ↗

Supaart Sirikantaramas; Satoshi Morimoto; Yoshinari Shoyama; Yu Ishikawa; Yoshiko Wada; Yukihiro Shoyama; Futoshi Taura 2004 · original enzyme study

indexed abstract and complete author metadata inspected · Checked 2026-10-26
Identifies THCA synthase and CBGA-to-THCA activity. Only the mechanistic finding is summarized; no enzyme-production procedure is reproduced.
Sources & access
Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy ↗

2021 · Animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. CBGA, CBDVA and CBGVA raised thermal seizure thresholds; CBGA also worsened seizures in other models or conditions. DOI: 10.1111/bph.15661.
PubChem: Cannabigerolic acid — CID 6449999 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. E geranyl-chain acid; distinct from neutral CBG.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbga

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabichromene

A chromene-ring cannabinoid related to the acid CBCA.

CBC raised the thermal seizure threshold in a 2021 mouse model of Dravet syndrome.

Reading note
This assay does not establish an epilepsy treatment for people or settle other proposed uses.

Original chemical-structure panel for eight phytocannabinoids and the reference agonist CP55,940 in Zagzoog and colleagues’ 2020 study.

Original source image

The study’s own structure panel identifies eight compounds and its reference agonist. Small changes in a drawing are chemical identity changes, not interchangeable names.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Original author-drawn structures, retained without redrawing. This panel identifies tested materials; it does not establish equal effects, human benefit or the composition of a Mount Herbs product. Full publisher PNG preserved; smaller display variants are losslessly encoded after downsampling.

Record & context
family
CBC family
pubchem cid
30219
formula
C21H30O2
aliases
structure note
This PubChem record leaves the stereocentre unspecified; it is not a claim about one natural enantiomer.
evidence stage
animal
role
Neutral member of the CBC branch.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabichromene, Related Phytocannabinoids, and 5-Fluoro-cannabichromene Have Anticonvulsant Properties in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome ↗

2021 · Animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. CBC, CBCA and CBCVA showed activity in a thermal seizure assay; CBCV did not. These are mouse findings. DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00677.
PubChem: Cannabichromene — CID 30219 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. This PubChem record leaves the stereocentre unspecified; it is not a claim about one natural enantiomer.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-cbc

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabichromenic acid

The carboxylated member of the cannabichromene branch.

CBCA showed activity in the thermal seizure assay reported in the 2021 CBC-family mouse study.

Reading note
The result is preclinical and does not establish human therapeutic efficacy.

Record & context
family
CBC family
pubchem cid
3084339
formula
C22H30O4
aliases
structure note
Registry connectivity has unspecified stereochemistry.
evidence stage
animal
role
Acid precursor to CBC.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabichromene, Related Phytocannabinoids, and 5-Fluoro-cannabichromene Have Anticonvulsant Properties in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome ↗

2021 · Animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. CBC, CBCA and CBCVA showed activity in a thermal seizure assay; CBCV did not. These are mouse findings. DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00677.
PubChem: Cannabichromenic acid — CID 3084339 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Registry connectivity has unspecified stereochemistry.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbca

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabinol

An aromatic cannabinoid often associated with changes during cannabis storage.

In a 2026 crossover trial with 20 adults with insomnia, neither tested CBN dose significantly improved the primary wake-after-sleep-onset outcome.

Reading note
Single-night findings do not show established insomnia efficacy; secondary findings cannot overturn the null primary result.

Record & context
family
Oxidative & rearranged
pubchem cid
2543
formula
C21H26O2
aliases
structure note
A more aromatic ring system than THC; the formula differs accordingly.
evidence stage
human
role
Oxidative cannabinoid chemistry; sleep research.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabinol for Acute Treatment of Insomnia Disorder in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial ↗

2026 · Randomized trial

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. Twenty adults with insomnia; neither single-night CBN dose significantly improved the primary wake-after-sleep-onset outcome versus placebo.
PubChem: Cannabinol — CID 2543 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. A more aromatic ring system than THC; the formula differs accordingly.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbn

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabinolic acid

The carboxylated structural relative of cannabinol.

The cited PubChem record verifies a distinct molecular identity and formula for CBNA.

Reading note
An identity record supplies no human therapeutic result, dose or safety conclusion.

Record & context
family
Oxidative & rearranged
pubchem cid
3081990
formula
C22H26O4
aliases
structure note
Cannabinolic acid connectivity; not the same molecule as CBN.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Acidic member of the CBN family.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
PubChem: Cannabinolic acid — CID 3081990 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Cannabinolic acid connectivity; not the same molecule as CBN.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbna

molecule / Chemical identity

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin

A THC relative with a three-carbon rather than five-carbon side chain.

A 2016 diabetes pilot trial found no effect on its primary HDL endpoint; THCV showed exploratory secondary glycaemic signals.

Reading note
The small five-arm trial does not establish a diabetes medicine or support weight-loss promises.

Original chemical-structure panel for eight phytocannabinoids and the reference agonist CP55,940 in Zagzoog and colleagues’ 2020 study.

Original source image

The study’s own structure panel identifies eight compounds and its reference agonist. Small changes in a drawing are chemical identity changes, not interchangeable names.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Original author-drawn structures, retained without redrawing. This panel identifies tested materials; it does not establish equal effects, human benefit or the composition of a Mount Herbs product. Full publisher PNG preserved; smaller display variants are losslessly encoded after downsampling.

Record & context
family
Varin family
pubchem cid
93147
formula
C19H26O2
aliases
Δ9-THCV
structure note
Natural trans-(6aR,10aR) Δ9-THCV configuration.
evidence stage
human
role
Propyl homologue of THC.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes ↗

2016 · Randomized pilot trial

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. Sixty-two participants across five arms, 13 weeks. Primary HDL endpoint unaffected; secondary glycaemic findings remain exploratory. DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0650.
PubChem: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin — CID 93147 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Natural trans-(6aR,10aR) Δ9-THCV configuration.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-thcv

molecule / Chemical identity

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid

An acidic, shorter-side-chain relative of THCA.

Its verified registry identity separates THCVA from neutral THCV and from the pentyl acid THCA.

Reading note
Structural relatedness does not transfer THCV’s human findings to THCVA.

Record & context
family
Varin family
pubchem cid
59444416
formula
C20H26O4
aliases
THCVA-A
structure note
The registry specifies the natural trans-(6aR,10aR) acid configuration.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Acid precursor associated with the THCV branch.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
PubChem: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid — CID 59444416 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. The registry specifies the natural trans-(6aR,10aR) acid configuration.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-thcva

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabidivarin

A propyl-side-chain relative of cannabidiol.

A 2021 randomized trial in 162 people with inadequately controlled focal seizures found no significant seizure-frequency advantage over placebo.

Reading note
The primary trial was negative. CBDV should not inherit CBD medicine claims.

Original chemical-structure panel for eight phytocannabinoids and the reference agonist CP55,940 in Zagzoog and colleagues’ 2020 study.

Original source image

The study’s own structure panel identifies eight compounds and its reference agonist. Small changes in a drawing are chemical identity changes, not interchangeable names.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Original author-drawn structures, retained without redrawing. This panel identifies tested materials; it does not establish equal effects, human benefit or the composition of a Mount Herbs product. Full publisher PNG preserved; smaller display variants are losslessly encoded after downsampling.

Record & context
family
Varin family
pubchem cid
11601669
formula
C19H26O2
aliases
structure note
Natural (1R,6R) CBDV; shorter side chain than CBD.
evidence stage
human
role
Neutral member of the CBD varin branch.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidivarin as Add-on Therapy in Participants with Inadequately Controlled Focal Seizures ↗

2021 · Randomized trial

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. In 162 participants, seizure-frequency reduction did not differ significantly between CBDV and placebo (p = 0.648).
PubChem: Cannabidivarin — CID 11601669 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Natural (1R,6R) CBDV; shorter side chain than CBD.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-cbdv

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabidivarinic acid

The acidic counterpart of the shorter-side-chain molecule CBDV.

CBDVA increased the thermal seizure threshold in the 2021 Dravet-model mouse experiments.

Reading note
This does not establish human benefit or reverse the separate negative CBDV trial.

Record & context
family
Varin family
pubchem cid
59444387
formula
C20H26O4
aliases
structure note
Registry (1R,6R) acid configuration.
evidence stage
animal
role
Acid member of the CBD varin branch.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy ↗

2021 · Animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. CBGA, CBDVA and CBGVA raised thermal seizure thresholds; CBGA also worsened seizures in other models or conditions. DOI: 10.1111/bph.15661.
PubChem: Cannabidivarinic acid — CID 59444387 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Registry (1R,6R) acid configuration.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbdva

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabigerovarin

The propyl homologue of cannabigerol.

Recombinant-cell experiments reported CBGV effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 channel desensitization.

Reading note
An ion-channel assay is not evidence of a gastrointestinal treatment in people.

Record & context
family
Varin family
pubchem cid
59444407
formula
C19H28O2
aliases
structure note
E geranyl-chain configuration; propyl aromatic side chain.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
Shorter-side-chain member of the CBG branch.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation ↗

2011 · Cell study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected; online publication 2011. CBGV effects in recombinant ion-channel assays, not a trial of gastrointestinal treatment. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02338.x.
PubChem: Cannabigerovarin — CID 59444407 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. E geranyl-chain configuration; propyl aromatic side chain.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbgv

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabigerovarinic acid

An acidic CBG relative with a shorter aromatic side chain.

CBGVA raised the thermal seizure threshold in the 2021 mouse experiments.

Reading note
The cited animal work does not establish human anticonvulsant efficacy or clinical safety.

Record & context
family
Varin family
pubchem cid
59444383
formula
C20H28O4
aliases
structure note
Registry E-chain acid; distinct from CBGV and CBGA.
evidence stage
animal
role
Precursor within varin cannabinoid chemistry.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy ↗

2021 · Animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. CBGA, CBDVA and CBGVA raised thermal seizure thresholds; CBGA also worsened seizures in other models or conditions. DOI: 10.1111/bph.15661.
PubChem: Cannabigerovarinic acid — CID 59444383 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Registry E-chain acid; distinct from CBGV and CBGA.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbgva

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabichromevarin

A shorter-side-chain structural relative of CBC.

CBCV did not show efficacy in the thermal seizure assay in the 2021 CBC-family mouse study.

Reading note
Positive results for neighbouring molecules should not be assigned to CBCV.

Record & context
family
Varin family
pubchem cid
6451726
formula
C19H26O2
aliases
Cannabichromene varin
structure note
The registry leaves the stereocentre unspecified.
evidence stage
animal
role
Propyl homologue in the CBC branch.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabichromene, Related Phytocannabinoids, and 5-Fluoro-cannabichromene Have Anticonvulsant Properties in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome ↗

2021 · Animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. CBC, CBCA and CBCVA showed activity in a thermal seizure assay; CBCV did not. These are mouse findings. DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00677.
PubChem: Cannabichromevarin — CID 6451726 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. The registry leaves the stereocentre unspecified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbcv

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabichromevarinic acid

The acidic form of the CBC varin branch.

CBCVA increased the thermal seizure threshold in the 2021 mouse study, whereas neutral CBCV did not.

Reading note
A molecule-specific animal finding is not a demonstrated human treatment.

Record & context
family
Varin family
pubchem cid
11110322
formula
C20H26O4
aliases
Cannabichromenvarinic acid
structure note
Registry acid connectivity has unspecified stereochemistry.
evidence stage
animal
role
Carboxylated relative of CBCV.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabichromene, Related Phytocannabinoids, and 5-Fluoro-cannabichromene Have Anticonvulsant Properties in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome ↗

2021 · Animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. CBC, CBCA and CBCVA showed activity in a thermal seizure assay; CBCV did not. These are mouse findings. DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00677.
PubChem: Cannabichromevarinic acid — CID 11110322 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Registry acid connectivity has unspecified stereochemistry.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbcva

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabicyclol

A cannabinoid distinguished by a compact, rearranged ring system.

PubChem records a defined cannabicyclol structure and molecular formula.

Reading note
The cited identity source does not establish therapeutic effects or the proportions of stereoisomers in plant material.

Record & context
family
Oxidative & rearranged
pubchem cid
59444380
formula
C21H30O2
aliases
structure note
This record specifies (1R,9R,12S,14R); the display represents that configuration, not every CBL stereoisomer.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Structural example of cannabinoid rearrangement chemistry.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
PubChem: Cannabicyclol — CID 59444380 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. This record specifies (1R,9R,12S,14R); the display represents that configuration, not every CBL stereoisomer.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbl

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabicyclolic acid

A rearranged cannabinoid acid reported from stored cannabis.

The 1972 isolation paper also prepared CBLA by ultraviolet irradiation of CBCA.

Reading note
Occurrence after storage does not prove an enzymatic plant pathway or a medical benefit.

Record & context
family
Oxidative & rearranged
pubchem cid
71437560
formula
C22H30O4
aliases
structure note
The PubChem record leaves stereochemistry unspecified; an acid relative of CBL.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Shows how light and storage can change cannabinoid chemistry.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabis. VI. Cannabicyclolic Acid ↗

1972 · Chemical isolation

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary journal record inspected. Isolated from stored cannabis and prepared from CBCA under ultraviolet irradiation; storage chemistry matters.
PubChem: Cannabicyclolic acid — CID 71437560 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. The PubChem record leaves stereochemistry unspecified; an acid relative of CBL.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbla

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabitriol

An oxygenated cannabinoid name that requires careful stereochemical qualification.

A 1977 paper reported the isolation and characterization of (+)-cannabitriol from a cannabis extract.

Reading note
Only the bibliographic record was accessible. It supplies no clinical finding; CBT can also be confused with cannabicitran abbreviations.

Record & context
family
Oxidative & rearranged
pubchem cid
11551959
formula
C21H30O4
aliases
Cannabitriol-type cannabinoids
structure note
Generic PubChem connectivity has unspecified stereochemistry; it does not establish the exact (+)-isomer from the historical paper.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Historical extract chemistry with several possible stereochemical forms.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Isolation and characterization of (+)-cannabitriol and (-)-10-ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta 6a[10a]-tetrahydrocannabinol: two new cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. extract ↗

1977 · Chemical isolation

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
PubMed bibliographic record only; no abstract available there. Supports the reported isolation of (+)-cannabitriol, not a pharmacological claim or all CBT isomers.
PubChem: Cannabitriol — CID 11551959 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Generic PubChem connectivity has unspecified stereochemistry; it does not establish the exact (+)-isomer from the historical paper.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbt

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabicitran

A multiring cannabinoid that must not be confused with cannabitriol.

A 2023 study found racemic cannabicitran in a commercial extract and separated its two enantiomers.

Reading note
The origin remains a research question. Chemical identification does not establish clinical benefit.

Record & context
family
Oxidative & rearranged
pubchem cid
101820920
formula
C21H30O2
aliases
Cannabicitran (sometimes abbreviated CBT)
structure note
CID specifies one (1R,4S,13R) enantiomer; it does not depict the study’s racemic mixture.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Extract chemistry and stereochemical provenance.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabicitran: Its unexpected racemic nature and potential origins ↗

2023 · Stereochemical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. Cannabicitran from a commercial extract was racemic; both enantiomers were separated. Extract occurrence does not establish a single enzymatic origin. DOI: 10.1002/chir.23571.
PubChem: Cannabicitran — CID 101820920 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. CID specifies one (1R,4S,13R) enantiomer; it does not depict the study’s racemic mixture.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbtc

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabielsoin

An oxygenated molecule studied as a CBD oxidation product.

In 2024 cell assays, S-CBE activated CB1-linked cAMP signalling without corresponding β-arrestin recruitment under the tested conditions.

Reading note
Biased signalling in a cell assay does not show a safer or effective medicine in humans.

Record & context
family
Oxidative & rearranged
pubchem cid
162113
formula
C21H30O3
aliases
structure note
CID specifies (5aS,6S,9R,9aR); other CBE configurations are not represented.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
Connects cannabinoid transformation with receptor-signalling research.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabielsoin (CBE), a CBD Oxidation Product, Is a Biased CB1 Agonist ↗

2024 · Cell study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. S-CBE activated cAMP signalling but not β-arrestin recruitment under the tested cell-assay conditions; no clinical trial.
PubChem: Cannabielsoin — CID 162113 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. CID specifies (5aS,6S,9R,9aR); other CBE configurations are not represented.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbe

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabigerol monomethyl ether

A methyl-ether relative of cannabigerol.

A 1968 primary paper described CBGM as an isolated component of hemp.

Reading note
Historical isolation supplies chemical evidence, not an established human treatment or safety profile.

Record & context
family
CBG family
pubchem cid
13864080
formula
C22H34O2
aliases
structure note
One phenolic oxygen is methylated; the registry specifies an E side-chain configuration.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Example of naturally reported cannabinoid functional-group variation.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether, a New Component of Hemp ↗

1968 · Chemical isolation

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary journal record inspected. Historical identity/isolation, not clinical efficacy. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 16(6), 1164–1165.
PubChem: Cannabigerol monomethyl ether — CID 13864080 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. One phenolic oxygen is methylated; the registry specifies an E side-chain configuration.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbgm

molecule / Chemical identity

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol

A THC homologue with a seven-carbon side chain.

The 2019 isolation study reported high CB1 binding affinity and cannabimimetic effects in mice.

Reading note
Receptor affinity is not a human potency multiplier. Human therapeutic efficacy and safety were not established.

Original Figure 1 from the 2019 CBDP and THCP paper, containing chromatograms and mass-spectral comparisons of reference and plant-derived material.

Original source image

The original analytical plots show how the authors compared reference and plant-derived materials when identifying CBDP and THCP. This is evidence about identity, rather than a product illustration.

Cinzia Citti; Pasquale Linciano; Fabiana Russo; Livio Luongo; Monica Iannotta; Sabatino Maione; Aldo Laganà; Anna Laura Capriotti; Flavio Forni; Maria Angela Vandelli; Giuseppe Gigli; Giuseppe Cannazza · 2019 · CC BY 4.0

A particular research sample and analytical comparison. This does not establish that either compound occurs in Mount Herbs seed products, nor does it provide a manufacturing instruction. All original axes and labels retained.

Original Figure 3 combining THCP receptor-binding results and a computational docking illustration from the 2019 paper.

Original source image

The authors placed binding measurements and a docking calculation in one figure. Keeping them together makes it possible to distinguish an experimental result from a proposed molecular pose.

Cinzia Citti; Pasquale Linciano; Fabiana Russo; Livio Luongo; Monica Iannotta; Sabatino Maione; Aldo Laganà; Anna Laura Capriotti; Flavio Forni; Maria Angela Vandelli; Giuseppe Gigli; Giuseppe Cannazza · 2019 · CC BY 4.0

The docking pose is computational, not an observed THCP–receptor crystal structure. Binding values do not establish relative human intoxication, therapeutic benefit or a consumer dose. Original figure retained with that distinction beside it.

Record & context
family
Side-chain homologues
pubchem cid
6453074
formula
C23H34O2
aliases
Δ9-THCP
structure note
Natural trans-(6aR,10aR) Δ9-THCP configuration.
evidence stage
animal
role
Heptyl cannabinoid studied in binding assays and mice.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A novel phytocannabinoid isolated from Cannabis sativa L. with an in vivo cannabimimetic activity higher than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol ↗

2019 · Isolation and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract and article excerpts inspected. THCP/CBDP identity and acidic precursor fractions; THCP receptor binding and mouse behaviour. Binding affinity is not a human potency multiplier. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56785-1.
PubChem: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol — CID 6453074 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Natural trans-(6aR,10aR) Δ9-THCP configuration.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-thcp

molecule / Chemical identity

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorolic acid

The acidic member of the seven-carbon THC homologue branch.

The 2019 study described an acidic THCPA fraction used to obtain THCP by decarboxylation.

Reading note
The precursor observation is chemical evidence, not evidence of clinical activity.

Record & context
family
Side-chain homologues
aliases
THCP-A
structure note
Structure review 15 October 2026: no exact PubChem CID was returned for the acid name or THCPA / THCP-A aliases. The paper describes an acidic fraction; no coordinate model is substituted from neutral THCP or its acetate.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Acidic precursor fraction linked to THCP.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A novel phytocannabinoid isolated from Cannabis sativa L. with an in vivo cannabimimetic activity higher than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol ↗

2019 · Isolation and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract and article excerpts inspected. THCP/CBDP identity and acidic precursor fractions; THCP receptor binding and mouse behaviour. Binding affinity is not a human potency multiplier. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56785-1.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-thcpa

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabidiphorol

A seven-carbon-side-chain relative of CBD identified in cannabis.

A 2026 study proposed dual-site CB1 negative allosteric modulation using cell assays, modelling and male-mouse experiments.

Reading note
The proposed mechanism and modest mouse signals are preclinical, not proof of clinical benefit or safer THC use.

Original Figure 1 from the 2019 CBDP and THCP paper, containing chromatograms and mass-spectral comparisons of reference and plant-derived material.

Original source image

The original analytical plots show how the authors compared reference and plant-derived materials when identifying CBDP and THCP. This is evidence about identity, rather than a product illustration.

Cinzia Citti; Pasquale Linciano; Fabiana Russo; Livio Luongo; Monica Iannotta; Sabatino Maione; Aldo Laganà; Anna Laura Capriotti; Flavio Forni; Maria Angela Vandelli; Giuseppe Gigli; Giuseppe Cannazza · 2019 · CC BY 4.0

A particular research sample and analytical comparison. This does not establish that either compound occurs in Mount Herbs seed products, nor does it provide a manufacturing instruction. All original axes and labels retained.

Record & context
family
Side-chain homologues
pubchem cid
49873141
formula
C23H34O2
aliases
structure note
Natural (1R,6R) CBDP; not the mirror-image synthetic ent-CBDP.
evidence stage
animal
role
Heptyl CBD homologue; receptor-modulation research.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabidiphorol (CBDP) acts as a negative allosteric modulator at two distinct sites of cannabinoid receptor 1 ↗

2026 · Cell and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract inspected. Mutagenesis, cellular allosterism assays, modelling and male-mouse experiments; possible dual-site modulation remains preclinical. DOI: 10.1038/s42004-026-01990-z.
A novel phytocannabinoid isolated from Cannabis sativa L. with an in vivo cannabimimetic activity higher than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol ↗

2019 · Isolation and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract and article excerpts inspected. THCP/CBDP identity and acidic precursor fractions; THCP receptor binding and mouse behaviour. Binding affinity is not a human potency multiplier. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56785-1.
PubChem: Cannabidiphorol — CID 49873141 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Natural (1R,6R) CBDP; not the mirror-image synthetic ent-CBDP.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-cbdp

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabidiphorolic acid

An acidic relative of the seven-carbon cannabinoid CBDP.

The 2019 study described the corresponding acidic CBDPA fraction before decarboxylation to CBDP.

Reading note
This does not establish pharmacological equivalence with CBDP or CBD, or clinical benefit.

Record & context
family
Side-chain homologues
aliases
CBDP-A
structure note
Structure review 15 October 2026: no exact PubChem CID was returned for the acid name or CBDPA / CBDP-A aliases. The acidic fraction described in the paper is not replaced by a CBDP coordinate model.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Acidic precursor fraction linked to CBDP.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A novel phytocannabinoid isolated from Cannabis sativa L. with an in vivo cannabimimetic activity higher than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol ↗

2019 · Isolation and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract and article excerpts inspected. THCP/CBDP identity and acidic precursor fractions; THCP receptor binding and mouse behaviour. Binding affinity is not a human potency multiplier. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56785-1.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbdpa

molecule / Chemical identity

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabutol

A four-carbon-side-chain homologue of THC.

The 2020 isolation study characterized THCB and reported affinity for the human CB1 receptor in laboratory assays.

Reading note
A human receptor in an assay is not a human clinical trial; efficacy and safe use are not established here.

Record & context
family
Side-chain homologues
pubchem cid
6453891
formula
C20H28O2
aliases
Δ9-THCB · Butyl-THC
structure note
PubChem CID 6453891 specifies trans-(6aR,10aR) Δ9-THCB. Checked 15 October 2026; the stereochemically unspecified CID 21719145 is not substituted. The 3D view is a computed conformer, not a measured biological pose.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
Butyl cannabinoid isolated from medicinal cannabis.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Isolation of a High-Affinity Cannabinoid for the Human CB1 Receptor from a Medicinal Cannabis sativa Variety: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabutol, the Butyl Homologue of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ↗

2020 · Isolation and receptor study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary publication metadata and abstract inspected. Butyl homologues THCB and CBDB from medicinal cannabis; receptor binding is not a human treatment result.
PubChem: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabutol — CID 6453891 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. PubChem CID 6453891 specifies trans-(6aR,10aR) Δ9-THCB. Checked 15 October 2026; the stereochemically unspecified CID 21719145 is not substituted. The 3D view is a computed conformer, not a measured biological pose.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-thcb

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabidibutol

A four-carbon-side-chain relative of CBD.

The 2020 butyl-homologue work identified CBDB alongside THCB in medicinal cannabis.

Reading note
Identification does not transfer CBD’s prescription evidence to this different molecule.

Record & context
family
Side-chain homologues
pubchem cid
59444413
formula
C20H28O2
aliases
Butyl-CBD
structure note
Registry (1R,6R) configuration with a butyl aromatic side chain.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Butyl homologue in the CBD series.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Isolation of a High-Affinity Cannabinoid for the Human CB1 Receptor from a Medicinal Cannabis sativa Variety: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabutol, the Butyl Homologue of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ↗

2020 · Isolation and receptor study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary publication metadata and abstract inspected. Butyl homologues THCB and CBDB from medicinal cannabis; receptor binding is not a human treatment result.
PubChem: Cannabidibutol — CID 59444413 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Registry (1R,6R) configuration with a butyl aromatic side chain.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbdb

molecule / Chemical identity

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabihexol

A six-carbon-side-chain THC homologue.

The 2020 hexyl-homologue paper identified THCH using analytical comparison with a synthesized reference compound.

Reading note
CBDH’s mouse antinociception result must not be assigned to THCH; clinical efficacy is not shown.

Record & context
family
Side-chain homologues
pubchem cid
161906
formula
C22H32O2
aliases
Δ9-THCH
structure note
PubChem CID 161906 specifies trans-(6aR,10aR) n-hexyl-Δ9-THC. Checked 15 October 2026; do not confuse this Δ9-THCH identity with parahexyl double-bond isomers. The 3D coordinates are a computed conformer.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
Hexyl homologue investigated through analytical identification.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Identification of a new cannabidiol n-hexyl homolog in a medicinal cannabis variety with an antinociceptive activity in mice: cannabidihexol ↗

2020 · Analytical and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract and article excerpts inspected. CBDH and THCH identification using synthetic reference compounds; mouse antinociception studied for CBDH. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79042-2.
PubChem: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabihexol — CID 161906 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. PubChem CID 161906 specifies trans-(6aR,10aR) n-hexyl-Δ9-THC. Checked 15 October 2026; do not confuse this Δ9-THCH identity with parahexyl double-bond isomers. The 3D coordinates are a computed conformer.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-thch

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannabidihexol

A six-carbon-side-chain relative of CBD.

The 2020 identification study reported antinociceptive activity of CBDH in mice.

Reading note
An animal pain-response experiment does not establish pain relief or safety in humans.

Record & context
family
Side-chain homologues
pubchem cid
140883953
formula
C22H32O2
aliases
structure note
Registry natural (1R,6R) CBDH configuration.
evidence stage
animal
role
Hexyl homologue joining the pentyl and heptyl series.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Identification of a new cannabidiol n-hexyl homolog in a medicinal cannabis variety with an antinociceptive activity in mice: cannabidihexol ↗

2020 · Analytical and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Primary abstract and article excerpts inspected. CBDH and THCH identification using synthetic reference compounds; mouse antinociception studied for CBDH. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79042-2.
PubChem: Cannabidihexol — CID 140883953 ↗

2026 · Chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, molecular formula and IUPAC identity checked through PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity evidence only; it supplies no clinical efficacy conclusion. Registry natural (1R,6R) CBDH configuration.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cbdh

molecule / Chemical identity

α-Pinene

Two joined rings give this ten-carbon molecule a compact shape. The α name places its double bond inside the larger ring.

Measured in Finola flowers; Cannabis enzymes also produced it. A separate cell assay found no THC-response enhancement.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
6654
formula
C10H16
aliases
alpha-pinene
structure note
The PubChem entry leaves some stereochemistry unspecified. A rendered shape must not imply a measured enantiomer ratio.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
A volatile constituent in studied cannabis flower profiles.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
Absence of Entourage: Terpenoids Commonly Found in Cannabis sativa Do Not Modulate the Functional Activity of Δ9-THC at Human CB1 and CB2 Receptors ↗

2019 · original cell study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract and methods/results inspected: six terpenoids did not modify THC responses in the tested potassium-channel assay. This does not test every molecular target or clinical combination.
PubChem: α-Pinene (CID 6654) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-alpha-pinene

molecule / Chemical identity

β-Pinene

β-Pinene has the same formula as α-pinene, with the double bond moved outside the ring.

Measured in Finola. Isolated β-pinene changed mouse behavior; another receptor assay found no THC-response enhancement.

Reading note
Mouse injections and cell assays are different experiments. Neither establishes clinical benefit from smelling or consuming a β-pinene-rich product.

Original 2021 Figure 7 comparing terpene-related ERK signalling in CB1-expressing cells and a parental cell preparation, with antagonist comparisons.

Original source image

The study compared ERK responses in receptor-expressing and parental cell preparations. Its antagonist comparisons help separate receptor-dependent responses from other possible routes.

Justin E. LaVigne; Ryan Hecksel; Attila Keresztes; John M. Streicher · 2021 · CC BY 4.0

This is one specific in-vitro experiment. It is not a picture of human physiology, proof of direct binding, a consumer mixture recipe or a claim that all terpene combinations are synergistic. Original panels and uncertainty markers retained.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
14896
formula
C10H16
aliases
beta-pinene
structure note
The PubChem entry leaves some stereochemistry unspecified. A rendered shape must not imply a measured enantiomer ratio.
evidence stage
animal
role
A volatile constituent and a useful comparison in isomer studies.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity ↗

2021 · original cell and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Original mouse and cell experiments using isolated compounds and the synthetic agonist WIN55,212-2; no patient efficacy trial.
Absence of Entourage: Terpenoids Commonly Found in Cannabis sativa Do Not Modulate the Functional Activity of Δ9-THC at Human CB1 and CB2 Receptors ↗

2019 · original cell study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract and methods/results inspected: six terpenoids did not modify THC responses in the tested potassium-channel assay. This does not test every molecular target or clinical combination.
PubChem: β-Pinene (CID 14896) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-beta-pinene

molecule / Chemical identity

β-Myrcene

Myrcene has an open chain and three double bonds, rather than the ringed framework of pinene.

Measured in Finola; two characterized Cannabis enzymes produced myrcene. The cited receptor assay found no THC-response enhancement.

Reading note
A high myrcene percentage does not establish sedation or predict an individual response. The cell result is limited to its tested signaling system.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
31253
formula
C10H16
aliases
myrcene · beta-myrcene
structure note
This acyclic structure has no assigned stereocentre.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
A frequent analytical marker in cannabis volatile profiles.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
Absence of Entourage: Terpenoids Commonly Found in Cannabis sativa Do Not Modulate the Functional Activity of Δ9-THC at Human CB1 and CB2 Receptors ↗

2019 · original cell study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract and methods/results inspected: six terpenoids did not modify THC responses in the tested potassium-channel assay. This does not test every molecular target or clinical combination.
PubChem: β-Myrcene (CID 31253) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-myrcene

molecule / Chemical identity

(S)-(−)-Limonene

This is the S form of limonene. Its mirror image has the same atoms but a different three-dimensional arrangement.

Finola flowers and the characterized CsTPS1FN enzyme contained or produced this enantiomer.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
439250
formula
C10H16
aliases
L-limonene · (−)-limonene · S-limonene
structure note
Defined S configuration. Do not substitute the R form used in the human D-limonene experiment.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A specifically identified product of Cannabis terpene biosynthesis.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
PubChem: (S)-(−)-Limonene (CID 439250) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-s-limonene

molecule / Chemical identity

(R)-(+)-Limonene

Also called D-limonene, this is the R mirror image. It should be distinguished from an unqualified limonene assay.

In 20 healthy adults, a double-blind crossover study tested vaporized compounds. In a 12-person subset, 30 mg THC plus 15 mg D-limonene reduced anxious/nervous and paranoid ratings versus THC alone; other measured drug effects were unchanged.

Reading note
This was a small acute exposure study, not anxiety treatment. D-limonene alone did not differ from placebo. Experimental amounts describe the study, not dosing advice or a result for ordinary flower or seed foods.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
440917
formula
C10H16
aliases
D-limonene · (+)-limonene · R-limonene
structure note
Defined R configuration; the cited human experiment cannot be transferred to S-limonene.
evidence stage
human
role
A chiral volatile studied both analytically and alongside THC in humans.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Comprehensive analysis of chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes in Cannabis sativa L. flowers ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: chiral analysis and experimental UV/heat stress. Published online August 2024; journal issue January 2025. Laboratory aging is not a retail shelf-life claim.
Vaporized D-limonene selectively mitigates the acute anxiogenic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy adults who intermittently use cannabis ↗

2024 · original human crossover study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract verified through PubMed/Europe PMC: 20 healthy adults; the highest combination was tested in 12. Acute vaporized exposure, not treatment of an anxiety disorder.
PubChem: (R)-(+)-Limonene (CID 440917) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-d-limonene

molecule / Chemical identity

Linalool

An alcohol group adds oxygen to an open ten-carbon framework. That makes linalool a terpenoid.

Detected in biomass. Isolated linalool produced mouse behavioral effects; a separate cell assay did not enhance THC signaling.

Reading note
Laboratory and injected-mouse exposures do not show that a linalool aroma treats sleep, anxiety or pain in people.

Original 2021 Figure 7 comparing terpene-related ERK signalling in CB1-expressing cells and a parental cell preparation, with antagonist comparisons.

Original source image

The study compared ERK responses in receptor-expressing and parental cell preparations. Its antagonist comparisons help separate receptor-dependent responses from other possible routes.

Justin E. LaVigne; Ryan Hecksel; Attila Keresztes; John M. Streicher · 2021 · CC BY 4.0

This is one specific in-vitro experiment. It is not a picture of human physiology, proof of direct binding, a consumer mixture recipe or a claim that all terpene combinations are synergistic. Original panels and uncertainty markers retained.

Record & context
family
Monoterpenoid alcohol
pubchem cid
6549
formula
C10H18O
aliases
structure note
The PubChem entry leaves some stereochemistry unspecified. A rendered shape must not imply a measured enantiomer ratio.
evidence stage
animal
role
An oxygenated constituent in measured cannabis profiles.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity ↗

2021 · original cell and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Original mouse and cell experiments using isolated compounds and the synthetic agonist WIN55,212-2; no patient efficacy trial.
Absence of Entourage: Terpenoids Commonly Found in Cannabis sativa Do Not Modulate the Functional Activity of Δ9-THC at Human CB1 and CB2 Receptors ↗

2019 · original cell study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract and methods/results inspected: six terpenoids did not modify THC responses in the tested potassium-channel assay. This does not test every molecular target or clinical combination.
PubChem: Linalool (CID 6549) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-linalool

molecule / Chemical identity

(E)-β-Caryophyllene

This fifteen-carbon molecule contains a small four-membered ring. Its chemistry belongs to terpenes even though researchers have studied cannabinoid-receptor activity.

Measured in Finola. Gertsch and colleagues reported CB2 activity and reduced inflammation in mice; a later potassium-channel assay gave a different receptor result.

Reading note
Receptor and mouse findings do not establish a human anti-inflammatory treatment. Calling it a dietary cannabinoid describes pharmacology; it does not make it THC.

Original 2021 Figure 7 comparing terpene-related ERK signalling in CB1-expressing cells and a parental cell preparation, with antagonist comparisons.

Original source image

The study compared ERK responses in receptor-expressing and parental cell preparations. Its antagonist comparisons help separate receptor-dependent responses from other possible routes.

Justin E. LaVigne; Ryan Hecksel; Attila Keresztes; John M. Streicher · 2021 · CC BY 4.0

This is one specific in-vitro experiment. It is not a picture of human physiology, proof of direct binding, a consumer mixture recipe or a claim that all terpene combinations are synergistic. Original panels and uncertainty markers retained.

Record & context
family
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
5281515
formula
C15H24
aliases
beta-caryophyllene · trans-caryophyllene · BCP
structure note
The reference identity is (1R,4E,9S). Keep it separate from cis-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide.
evidence stage
animal
role
A cannabis volatile and a receptor-pharmacology research subject.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid ↗

2008 · original receptor and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Receptor experiments and mouse inflammation model, including CB2-deficient mice. The title describes receptor pharmacology, not a THC-like chemical structure.
Absence of Entourage: Terpenoids Commonly Found in Cannabis sativa Do Not Modulate the Functional Activity of Δ9-THC at Human CB1 and CB2 Receptors ↗

2019 · original cell study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract and methods/results inspected: six terpenoids did not modify THC responses in the tested potassium-channel assay. This does not test every molecular target or clinical combination.
PubChem: (E)-β-Caryophyllene (CID 5281515) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-beta-caryophyllene

molecule / Chemical identity

α-Humulene

A broad carbon ring with three double bonds distinguishes humulene from compact pinene.

Measured in Finola. Isolated α-humulene produced cannabinoid-like behavioral changes in mice in the cited experiment.

Reading note
Mouse behavior and combinations with a synthetic agonist do not prove patient benefit or an entourage effect for retail cannabis.

Original 2021 Figure 7 comparing terpene-related ERK signalling in CB1-expressing cells and a parental cell preparation, with antagonist comparisons.

Original source image

The study compared ERK responses in receptor-expressing and parental cell preparations. Its antagonist comparisons help separate receptor-dependent responses from other possible routes.

Justin E. LaVigne; Ryan Hecksel; Attila Keresztes; John M. Streicher · 2021 · CC BY 4.0

This is one specific in-vitro experiment. It is not a picture of human physiology, proof of direct binding, a consumer mixture recipe or a claim that all terpene combinations are synergistic. Original panels and uncertainty markers retained.

Record & context
family
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
5281520
formula
C15H24
aliases
alpha-humulene · alpha-caryophyllene
structure note
The reference defines the three ring double bonds as E.
evidence stage
animal
role
A sesquiterpene measured in cannabis resin and studied experimentally.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity ↗

2021 · original cell and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Original mouse and cell experiments using isolated compounds and the synthetic agonist WIN55,212-2; no patient efficacy trial.
PubChem: α-Humulene (CID 5281520) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-alpha-humulene

molecule / Chemical identity

Terpinolene

One double bond sits in the ring and another links the ring to a side group.

Measured in the Finola flower profile.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
11463
formula
C10H16
aliases
structure note
This identity is distinct from both α-terpinene and γ-terpinene.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A component used to describe the chemistry of studied cannabis flowers.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
PubChem: Terpinolene (CID 11463) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-terpinolene

molecule / Chemical identity

α-Terpinene

Its two ring double bonds form a conjugated arrangement, separated by one single bond.

A characterized Purple Kush enzyme produced α-terpinene.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
7462
formula
C10H16
aliases
structure note
The α and γ names identify different double-bond positions, not opposite mirror images.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A product used to investigate Cannabis terpene-enzyme function.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
PubChem: α-Terpinene (CID 7462) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-alpha-terpinene

molecule / Chemical identity

γ-Terpinene

The ring double bonds occupy different positions from those in α-terpinene.

Produced by a Cannabis enzyme; experimental light stress also linked it to p-cymene formation.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
7461
formula
C10H16
aliases
structure note
An achiral positional isomer; it is not interchangeable with α-terpinene.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A Cannabis enzyme product and a subject of aging chemistry.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
Comprehensive analysis of chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes in Cannabis sativa L. flowers ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: chiral analysis and experimental UV/heat stress. Published online August 2024; journal issue January 2025. Laboratory aging is not a retail shelf-life claim.
PubChem: γ-Terpinene (CID 7461) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-gamma-terpinene

molecule / Chemical identity

p-Cymene

Its benzene ring makes p-cymene chemically aromatic. In chemistry, that word describes bonding rather than a smell.

The UV/heat study identified p-cymene as an important aging product.

Reading note
Experimental aging chemistry does not identify the age, safety or storage history of an untested product.

Record & context
family
Aromatic monoterpene
pubchem cid
7463
formula
C10H14
aliases
structure note
The para arrangement differs from ortho- and meta-cymene.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A useful molecule for studying how terpene mixtures change over time.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Comprehensive analysis of chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes in Cannabis sativa L. flowers ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: chiral analysis and experimental UV/heat stress. Published online August 2024; journal issue January 2025. Laboratory aging is not a retail shelf-life claim.
PubChem: p-Cymene (CID 7463) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-p-cymene

molecule / Chemical identity

Camphene

Bridged rings and an outward-facing double bond create a compact, rigid framework.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
6616
formula
C10H16
aliases
structure note
The PubChem entry leaves some stereochemistry unspecified. A rendered shape must not imply a measured enantiomer ratio.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A minor volatile in the studied cannabis material.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Camphene (CID 6616) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-camphene

molecule / Chemical identity

(E)-β-Ocimene

A long open chain carries three double bonds. The E label specifies the geometry of the central one.

Measured in Finola; CsTPS6FN mainly produced the E isomer.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
5281553
formula
C10H16
aliases
trans-beta-ocimene
structure note
Defined 3E geometry; do not merge this structure with Z-β-ocimene.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A volatile and a characterized Cannabis enzyme product.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
PubChem: (E)-β-Ocimene (CID 5281553) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-e-beta-ocimene

molecule / Chemical identity

(Z)-β-Ocimene

The central double bond has the opposite geometry from E-β-ocimene, while the formula remains unchanged.

The Purple Kush enzyme CsTPS13PK mainly produced Z-β-ocimene.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
5320250
formula
C10H16
aliases
cis-beta-ocimene
structure note
Defined 3Z geometry. Enzyme output alone does not establish its amount in harvested flower.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A resolved product in Cannabis terpene-synthase experiments.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa ↗

2017 · original biosynthesis and analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Finola flower profiles and recombinant Cannabis enzymes; Table 1 and Figures 4–5. Enzyme products are not proof of abundance in every plant.
PubChem: (Z)-β-Ocimene (CID 5320250) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-z-beta-ocimene

molecule / Chemical identity

Eucalyptol

An oxygen atom forms part of a bridged ring rather than an alcohol group.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpenoid ether
pubchem cid
2758
formula
C10H18O
aliases
1,8-cineole
structure note
This is 1,8-cineole, not the different 1,4-cineole structure.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
An oxygenated analyte in cannabis volatile profiling.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Eucalyptol (CID 2758) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-eucalyptol

molecule / Chemical identity

Fenchol

A bridged carbon framework carries an alcohol group. Several stereochemical forms are possible.

Assigned by spectral-library matching, without an authentic standard.

Reading note
The cited detection is tentative. The reference structure illustrates the proposed identity; it does not confirm the peak or a specific stereoisomer.

Record & context
family
Monoterpenoid alcohol
pubchem cid
15406
formula
C10H18O
aliases
fenchyl alcohol
structure note
The PubChem entry leaves some stereochemistry unspecified. A rendered shape must not imply a measured enantiomer ratio.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A tentatively assigned constituent in the cited biomass analysis.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Fenchol (CID 15406) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-fenchol

molecule / Chemical identity

Borneol

Borneol carries an alcohol group on a rigid bridged skeleton. It shares a formula with fenchol but has different connectivity.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpenoid alcohol
pubchem cid
64685
formula
C10H18O
aliases
structure note
The PubChem entry leaves some stereochemistry unspecified. A rendered shape must not imply a measured enantiomer ratio. Borneol and isoborneol are not interchangeable names.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A confirmed oxygenated analyte in the cited cannabis work.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Borneol (CID 64685) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-borneol

molecule / Chemical identity

(E)-Nerolidol

Nerolidol extends an open terpene chain to fifteen carbons and includes an alcohol group.

Detected in authentic extracts; geometric isomers were examined.

Reading note
Nerolidol has both geometric and optical isomers. An unqualified assay name does not establish the configuration or abundance of this reference form.

Record & context
family
Sesquiterpenoid alcohol
pubchem cid
5284507
formula
C15H26O
aliases
trans-nerolidol
structure note
The reference specifies E geometry but leaves the alcohol-bearing stereocentre unspecified. It does not represent every nerolidol isomer.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A molecule examined in chiral cannabis analysis.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Comprehensive analysis of chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes in Cannabis sativa L. flowers ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: chiral analysis and experimental UV/heat stress. Published online August 2024; journal issue January 2025. Laboratory aging is not a retail shelf-life claim.
PubChem: (E)-Nerolidol (CID 5284507) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-nerolidol

molecule / Chemical identity

α-Bisabolol

A six-membered ring connects to an oxygen-bearing side chain in this fifteen-carbon molecule.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Sesquiterpenoid alcohol
pubchem cid
1549992
formula
C15H26O
aliases
alpha-bisabolol
structure note
The selected reference defines the side-chain centre as 2R and the ring attachment centre as 1R. Routine detection does not establish that ratio in a sample.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
An oxygenated constituent in studied cannabis biomass.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: α-Bisabolol (CID 1549992) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-alpha-bisabolol

molecule / Chemical identity

Caryophyllene oxide

An epoxide adds oxygen across part of the caryophyllene framework. It is a separate molecule from β-caryophyllene.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Sesquiterpenoid epoxide
pubchem cid
1742210
formula
C15H24O
aliases
structure note
The reference is a defined stereoisomer, (1R,4R,6R,10S). Do not reuse β-caryophyllene pharmacology for this epoxide.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
An oxygenated analyte in cannabis chemistry.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Caryophyllene oxide (CID 1742210) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-caryophyllene-oxide

molecule / Chemical identity

Sabinene

A three-membered ring joins a larger ring in a bridged framework.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpene hydrocarbon
pubchem cid
18818
formula
C10H16
aliases
structure note
The PubChem entry leaves some stereochemistry unspecified. A rendered shape must not imply a measured enantiomer ratio.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A minor volatile and a product in Cannabis enzyme studies.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Sabinene (CID 18818) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-sabinene

molecule / Chemical identity

Guaiol

Fused five- and seven-membered rings carry an alcohol-bearing side group.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Sesquiterpenoid alcohol
pubchem cid
227829
formula
C15H26O
aliases
structure note
The PubChem reference has defined 3S,5R,8S stereochemistry; an achiral assay does not prove an enantiomer ratio.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
An oxygenated sesquiterpene in the tested cannabis biomass.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Guaiol (CID 227829) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-guaiol

molecule / Chemical identity

Fenchone

A carbon–oxygen double bond turns this bridged framework into a ketone, distinct from the alcohol fenchol.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpenoid ketone
pubchem cid
14525
formula
C10H16O
aliases
structure note
The PubChem entry leaves some stereochemistry unspecified. A rendered shape must not imply a measured enantiomer ratio.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
An oxygenated analyte in the cited cannabis profile.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Fenchone (CID 14525) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-fenchone

molecule / Chemical identity

Isopulegol

This oxygenated molecule has a six-membered ring, an alcohol and a double-bonded side group.

Detected; identity checked against a standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Monoterpenoid alcohol
pubchem cid
170833
formula
C10H18O
aliases
structure note
The selected PubChem reference is (1R,2S,5R); the assay does not assign all sample stereochemistry.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A standard-confirmed analyte in cannabis biomass analysis.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Table 1 distinguishes standard-confirmed from tentative identities; Table 4 records nondetections. Routine separation does not assign every enantiomer.
PubChem: Isopulegol (CID 170833) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-isopulegol

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannflavin A

A geranyl side chain attaches to the flavone core. This branch distinguishes cannflavin A from cannflavin B.

CsPT3 enzyme experiments formed cannflavin A from chrysoeriol using a geranyl donor.

Reading note
Enzyme reconstruction explains how the molecule can be made. It does not establish human pain relief, potency versus aspirin or a benefit from hemp seed products.

Record & context
family
Geranylated flavone
pubchem cid
10071695
formula
C26H28O6
aliases
structure note
A geranyl chain attaches at carbon 6; cannflavin C attaches the chain at a different position.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
A specialized metabolite with a characterized biosynthetic route.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Biosynthesis of cannflavins A and B from Cannabis sativa L. ↗

2019 · original biosynthesis study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract inspected: CsOMT21 converts luteolin to chrysoeriol; CsPT3 adds geranyl or dimethylallyl groups to form cannflavins A or B.
PubChem: Cannflavin A (CID 10071695) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cannflavin-a

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannflavin B

A five-carbon prenyl group sits on a methylated flavone scaffold.

CsPT3 formed cannflavin B from chrysoeriol using a dimethylallyl donor.

Reading note
Biosynthesis is not clinical efficacy. Findings for synthetic isocannflavin B cannot be attributed to cannflavin B or ordinary cannabis products.

Record & context
family
Prenylated flavone
pubchem cid
403815
formula
C21H20O6
aliases
structure note
The branch attaches at carbon 6. Isocannflavin B is a different positional isomer.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
A specialized metabolite studied through enzyme reconstruction.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Biosynthesis of cannflavins A and B from Cannabis sativa L. ↗

2019 · original biosynthesis study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract inspected: CsOMT21 converts luteolin to chrysoeriol; CsPT3 adds geranyl or dimethylallyl groups to form cannflavins A or B.
PubChem: Cannflavin B (CID 403815) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cannflavin-b

molecule / Chemical identity

Cannflavin C

Cannflavin C shares a formula with cannflavin A, but its geranyl branch connects at a different site.

Isolated and structurally characterized from the cannabis variety studied in 2008.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Geranylated flavone
pubchem cid
25141335
formula
C26H28O6
aliases
structure note
The geranyl group is at carbon 8, not carbon 6. Equal mass alone cannot distinguish it from cannflavin A.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A less familiar constituent characterized by isolation chemistry.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Non-cannabinoid constituents from a high potency Cannabis sativa variety ↗

2008 · original isolation and structure study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Publisher abstract and article preview: isolation and structural characterization of cannflavin C from the studied cannabis variety. No human treatment evidence.
PubChem: Cannflavin C (CID 25141335) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cannflavin-c

molecule / Chemical identity

Apigenin

Apigenin illustrates the three-ring flavone core without an attached sugar.

Quantified in dried material from three cultivars.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Flavone aglycone
pubchem cid
5280443
formula
C15H10O5
aliases
structure note
The aglycone is distinct from its C-linked and O-linked sugar derivatives.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A phenolic constituent measured in cannabis analytical studies.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
PubChem: Apigenin (CID 5280443) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-apigenin

molecule / Chemical identity

Luteolin

An additional hydroxyl group distinguishes luteolin from apigenin.

Quantified in dried cannabis; the characterized CsOMT21 enzyme converted luteolin to chrysoeriol.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Flavone aglycone
pubchem cid
5280445
formula
C15H10O6
aliases
structure note
This aglycone is not luteolin glucoside. It also shares a formula, but not connectivity, with kaempferol.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
A measured constituent and a starting point in cannflavin biosynthesis.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
Biosynthesis of cannflavins A and B from Cannabis sativa L. ↗

2019 · original biosynthesis study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract inspected: CsOMT21 converts luteolin to chrysoeriol; CsPT3 adds geranyl or dimethylallyl groups to form cannflavins A or B.
PubChem: Luteolin (CID 5280445) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-luteolin

molecule / Chemical identity

Chrysoeriol

Methylation changes one of luteolin’s oxygen-bearing groups to a methoxy group.

Enzyme experiments placed chrysoeriol between luteolin and cannflavins A/B; it was also quantified in dried cannabis.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Methoxylated flavone
pubchem cid
5280666
formula
C16H12O6
aliases
structure note
The methoxy group is at 3′; similarly named methoxylated flavones can have different attachment positions.
evidence stage
laboratory
role
An experimentally supported intermediate on the route to cannflavins A and B.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Biosynthesis of cannflavins A and B from Cannabis sativa L. ↗

2019 · original biosynthesis study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Abstract inspected: CsOMT21 converts luteolin to chrysoeriol; CsPT3 adds geranyl or dimethylallyl groups to form cannflavins A or B.
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
PubChem: Chrysoeriol (CID 5280666) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-chrysoeriol

molecule / Chemical identity

Orientin

Orientin carries a glucose unit directly on carbon 8 of a luteolin scaffold.

Quantified in dried material from three cultivars.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Flavone C-glycoside
pubchem cid
5281675
formula
C21H20O11
aliases
luteolin-8-C-glucoside
structure note
Luteolin-8-C-glucoside; do not replace it with the carbon-6 isomer isoorientin.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A glycosylated phenolic constituent of the tested cannabis material.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
PubChem: Orientin (CID 5281675) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-orientin

molecule / Chemical identity

Vitexin

A glucose unit connects directly to carbon 8 of apigenin.

Quantified in dried material from three cultivars.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Flavone C-glycoside
pubchem cid
5280441
formula
C21H20O10
aliases
apigenin-8-C-glucoside
structure note
Apigenin-8-C-glucoside. Its attachment position differs from isovitexin.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A quantified flavonoid in the tested cannabis material.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
PubChem: Vitexin (CID 5280441) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-vitexin

molecule / Chemical identity

Isovitexin

The glucose unit occupies carbon 6 rather than carbon 8. The formula remains identical to vitexin.

Leaf imaging assigned an isovitexin-compatible signal; three other cultivars were below the quantification limit.

Reading note
The imaging assignment has isomer ambiguity, and nondetection depends on the method’s limit. Neither establishes presence in every cultivar.

Record & context
family
Flavone C-glycoside
pubchem cid
162350
formula
C21H20O10
aliases
apigenin-6-C-glucoside
structure note
Apigenin-6-C-glucoside. Exact-mass imaging alone cannot uniquely separate it from vitexin.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A candidate tracked in cannabis flavonoid analysis.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Leaves of Cannabis sativa and their trichomes studied by DESI and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging for their contents of cannabinoids and flavonoids ↗

2023 · original analytical imaging study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: leaf imaging and Table 2. Exact-mass images may combine isomers; they do not uniquely distinguish every named flavonoid.
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
PubChem: Isovitexin (CID 162350) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-isovitexin

molecule / Chemical identity

Isoquercetin

An oxygen link joins glucose to carbon 3 of quercetin.

Quantified in dried material from three cultivars.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Flavonol O-glycoside
pubchem cid
5280804
formula
C21H20O12
aliases
quercetin-3-O-glucoside · quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
structure note
This reference is quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. PubChem names can also resolve to other sugar forms, so the selected CID matters.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A measured glycoside in cannabis phenolic profiles.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
PubChem: Isoquercetin (CID 5280804) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-isoquercetin

molecule / Chemical identity

Rutin

A two-sugar group is attached to the quercetin core, making rutin larger than isoquercetin.

Measured using chromatography and an authentic reference standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Flavonol O-glycoside
pubchem cid
5280805
formula
C27H30O16
aliases
quercetin-3-O-rutinoside
structure note
Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside contains a disaccharide; it is not another name for quercetin itself.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A glycoside measured in commercial hemp inflorescences.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Tables 1–2 and analytical standards. Conventional flavonoids were measured; cannflavins used post-target screening without authentic standards.
PubChem: Rutin (CID 5280805) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-rutin

molecule / Chemical identity

Quercetin

Quercetin has a hydroxyl group at carbon 3 of the central ring and no sugar attached.

Measured against a standard in one study; below quantification in three cultivars in another.

Reading note
The differing analytical results show why detection cannot be generalized across plants. This catalogue makes no clinical claim for quercetin in cannabis.

Record & context
family
Flavonol aglycone
pubchem cid
5280343
formula
C15H10O7
aliases
structure note
The sugar-free aglycone differs from isoquercetin and rutin.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A flavonol quantified in some cannabis inflorescence samples.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Tables 1–2 and analytical standards. Conventional flavonoids were measured; cannflavins used post-target screening without authentic standards.
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
PubChem: Quercetin (CID 5280343) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-quercetin

molecule / Chemical identity

Kaempferol

Kaempferol has the same formula as luteolin, but a hydroxyl group occupies a different position.

Measured against a standard in one study; below quantification in three cultivars in another.

Reading note
Presence and concentration vary with sample and analytical method; a listed chemical is not a standardized ingredient or a proven treatment.

Record & context
family
Flavonol aglycone
pubchem cid
5280863
formula
C15H10O6
aliases
structure note
A constitutional isomer of luteolin. Formula or exact mass alone is not enough to distinguish them.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A flavonol investigated in cannabis phenolic profiles.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Tables 1–2 and analytical standards. Conventional flavonoids were measured; cannflavins used post-target screening without authentic standards.
Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink? ↗

2024 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Table 2: measured flavonoids in three dried cultivars. Four tested flavonoids were below quantification; a target list alone is not positive detection.
PubChem: Kaempferol (CID 5280863) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-kaempferol

molecule / Chemical identity

Cynaroside

Glucose connects through the oxygen at position 7 of luteolin.

Measured using chromatography and an authentic reference standard.

Reading note
A detected molecule is not a demonstrated treatment. Amounts depend on the plant, tissue and handling; no Mount Herbs batch was tested in these studies.

Record & context
family
Flavone O-glycoside
pubchem cid
5280637
formula
C21H20O11
aliases
luteolin-7-O-glucoside · luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
structure note
Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. It shares a formula with orientin but differs in both linkage and attachment position.
evidence stage
chemistry
role
A flavone glycoside measured in the studied hemp inflorescences.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS ↗

2020 · original analytical study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full text: Tables 1–2 and analytical standards. Conventional flavonoids were measured; cannflavins used post-target screening without authentic standards.
PubChem: Cynaroside (CID 5280637) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing identity catalogue

Record ID: molecule-cynaroside

molecule / Chemical identity

Geraniol

An alcohol group sits at the end of an open ten-carbon chain. The E double-bond geometry distinguishes geraniol from nerol.

Geraniol was detected in some F2 hemp plants. Separately, LaVigne and colleagues reported cannabinoid-like mouse behaviors and interactions with the synthetic agonist WIN55,212-2.

Reading note
Injected-mouse and cell experiments do not establish a clinical benefit from geraniol, its aroma or a cannabis product. Detection varied among the plants; no Mount Herbs batch was tested.

Original 2021 Figure 7 comparing terpene-related ERK signalling in CB1-expressing cells and a parental cell preparation, with antagonist comparisons.

Original source image

The study compared ERK responses in receptor-expressing and parental cell preparations. Its antagonist comparisons help separate receptor-dependent responses from other possible routes.

Justin E. LaVigne; Ryan Hecksel; Attila Keresztes; John M. Streicher · 2021 · CC BY 4.0

This is one specific in-vitro experiment. It is not a picture of human physiology, proof of direct binding, a consumer mixture recipe or a claim that all terpene combinations are synergistic. Original panels and uncertainty markers retained.

Record & context
family
Monoterpenoid alcohol
pubchem cid
637566
formula
C10H18O
aliases
(E)-geraniol · trans-geraniol
structure note
PubChem specifies (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. Nerol is the different 2Z geometric isomer.
evidence stage
animal
role
A volatile detected in a studied hemp population and investigated in cell and mouse experiments.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic and biochemical traits in Cannabis sativa ↗

2021 · original analytical and genetic study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full-text results and Table 2 inspected. Geraniol was detectable in members of the Carmagnola × USO31 F2 hemp population, although not in the parents or F1. This is positive sample evidence, not merely inclusion in a standards panel.
Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity ↗

2021 · original cell and animal study

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Original mouse and cell experiments using isolated compounds and the synthetic agonist WIN55,212-2; no patient efficacy trial.
PubChem: Geraniol (CID 637566) ↗

· chemical identity database

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
CID, formula and IUPAC identity checked against PubChem PUG REST on 5 October 2026. Identity does not establish detection in cannabis, clinical benefit or a batch composition.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: molecule-geraniol

target / Evidence-specific

CB1

A receptor that can couple to Gi/o signalling. In selected presynaptic terminals, its activation changes transmitter release.

Reading note
Receptor location and signalling depend on the cell and state. CB1 is not confined to the brain.

Original Figure 2 with three groups of radioligand-displacement curves in membranes from cells expressing human CB1 receptors.

Original source image

Figure 2 measures displacement of a labelled reference ligand in a CB1 cell-membrane assay. Read it beside the separate signalling panel to see why binding and response are different questions.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

An in-vitro receptor assay, not a human treatment comparison. The original axes, errors and incomplete displacement remain visible; a curve does not establish a clinical dose or safety. Full publisher PNG preserved, with no redrawing or AI enhancement.

Original Figure 3 showing cannabinoid concentration-response curves for cAMP inhibition in cells expressing human CB1 receptors.

Original source image

This separate experiment measured cAMP inhibition after 90 minutes in the study’s receptor-expressing cells. The measured response belongs to that preparation and readout.

Ayat Zagzoog; Kawthar A Mohamed; Hye Ji J Kim; Eunhyun D Kim; Connor S Frank; Tallan Black; Pramodkumar D Jadhav; Larry A Holbrook; Robert B Laprairie · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

Functional EC50 values are not binding affinities. These cell results are not a human-dose guide, broad efficacy ranking or product claim. Original axes and uncertainty markers preserved; full publisher PNG available.

Record & context
gene
CNR1
kind
G-protein-coupled receptor
layer
canonical
Follow the documented connections 1
characterizes · to this recordStructure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

“Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA” reports work characterizing CB1. The finding and its limits are stated below. Molecular cloning and functional expression, not an atomic structure.

Evidence for this connection
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Sources & access
Comparison of the pharmacology and signal transduction of the human cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. ↗

Felder CC, Joyce KE, Briley EM, Mansouri J, Mackie K, Blond O, Lai Y, Ma AL, Mitchell RL. 1995 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol produced by diacylglycerol lipase alpha mediates retrograde suppression of synaptic transmission. ↗

Tanimura A, Yamazaki M, Hashimotodani Y, Uchigashima M, Kawata S, Abe M, Kita Y, Hashimoto K, Shimizu T, Watanabe M, Sakimura K, Kano M. 2010 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors. ↗

Agarwal N, Pacher P, Tegeder I, Amaya F, Constantin CE, Brenner GJ, Rubino T, Michalski CW, Marsicano G, Monory K, Mackie K, Marian C, Batkai S, Parolaro D, Fischer MJ, Reeh P, Kunos G, Kress M, Lutz B, Woolf CJ, Kuner R. 2007 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Source images in this record carry their individual creator, licence, original link and presentation limits beside the image. Bibliographic and scientific records retain their separate review status.

Record ID: target-cb1

target / Evidence-specific

CB2

A cannabinoid receptor studied in immune cells and many other cellular contexts.

Reading note
It is not an immune-only switch or a guaranteed anti-inflammatory treatment target.

Record & context
gene
CNR2
kind
G-protein-coupled receptor
layer
canonical
Follow the documented connections 1
characterizes · to this recordMolecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

“Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids” reports work characterizing CB2. The finding and its limits are stated below. Peripheral receptor characterization in the reported preparations.

Evidence for this connection
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Sources & access
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Endocannabinoids enhance lipid synthesis and apoptosis of human sebocytes via cannabinoid receptor-2-mediated signaling. ↗

Dobrosi N, Tóth BI, Nagy G, Dózsa A, Géczy T, Nagy L, Zouboulis CC, Paus R, Kovács L, Bíró T. 2008 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Peripheral cannabinoid receptor, CB2, regulates bone mass. ↗

Ofek O, Karsak M, Leclerc N, Fogel M, Frenkel B, Wright K, Tam J, Attar-Namdar M, Kram V, Shohami E, Mechoulam R, Zimmer A, Bab I. 2006 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-cb2

target / Evidence-specific

DAGLα

Converts arachidonoyl-containing diacylglycerol into 2-AG.

Reading note
DAGLα knockout disrupted retrograde suppression in studied mouse brain circuits; that does not map every human circuit.

Record & context
gene
DAGLA
kind
biosynthetic enzyme
layer
canonical
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol produced by diacylglycerol lipase alpha mediates retrograde suppression of synaptic transmission. ↗

Tanimura A, Yamazaki M, Hashimotodani Y, Uchigashima M, Kawata S, Abe M, Kita Y, Hashimoto K, Shimizu T, Watanabe M, Sakimura K, Kano M. 2010 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-dagla

target / Evidence-specific

DAGLβ

A second diacylglycerol lipase involved in lipid signalling.

Reading note
DAGLβ did not substitute for DAGLα in the central-synapse knockout experiment shown here.

Record & context
gene
DAGLB
kind
biosynthetic enzyme
layer
canonical
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol produced by diacylglycerol lipase alpha mediates retrograde suppression of synaptic transmission. ↗

Tanimura A, Yamazaki M, Hashimotodani Y, Uchigashima M, Kawata S, Abe M, Kita Y, Hashimoto K, Shimizu T, Watanabe M, Sakimura K, Kano M. 2010 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-daglb

target / Evidence-specific

NAPE-PLD

One route releases N-acylethanolamines from N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines.

Reading note
AEA also has NAPE-PLD-independent routes. This is not a single universal AEA production line.

Record & context
gene
NAPEPLD
kind
biosynthetic enzyme
layer
canonical
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Inactivation of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D reveals multiple mechanisms for the biosynthesis of endocannabinoids. ↗

Leung D, Saghatelian A, Simon GM, Cravatt BF. 2006 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Multiple pathways involved in the biosynthesis of anandamide. ↗

Liu J, Wang L, Harvey-White J, Huang BX, Kim HY, Luquet S, Palmiter RD, Krystal G, Rai R, Mahadevan A, Razdan RK, Kunos G. 2008 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-nape-pld

target / Evidence-specific

FAAH

Hydrolyses AEA and other fatty-acid amides.

Reading note
Substrate and location matter. Enzyme inhibition is not a treatment recommendation.

Record & context
gene
FAAH
kind
hydrolytic enzyme
layer
canonical
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides. ↗

Cravatt BF, Giang DK, Mayfield SP, Boger DL, Lerner RA, Gilula NB. 1996 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-faah

target / Evidence-specific

MAGL

An important 2-AG hydrolase in studied brain preparations.

Reading note
Its contribution varies by tissue and compartment; mouse-brain percentages are not a human whole-body map.

Record & context
gene
MGLL
kind
hydrolytic enzyme
layer
canonical
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A comprehensive profile of brain enzymes that hydrolyze the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. ↗

Blankman JL, Simon GM, Cravatt BF. 2007 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-magl

target / Evidence-specific

ABHD6

Can hydrolyse 2-AG in studied preparations and occupies different subcellular compartments from MAGL.

Reading note
Contribution is context-specific; no universal percentage is assigned.

Record & context
gene
ABHD6
kind
hydrolytic enzyme
layer
associated metabolism
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A comprehensive profile of brain enzymes that hydrolyze the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. ↗

Blankman JL, Simon GM, Cravatt BF. 2007 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-abhd6

target / Evidence-specific

ABHD12

A lipid hydrolase identified in a functional profile of brain 2-AG metabolism.

Reading note
The cited experiment does not make 2-AG its only physiological substrate.

Record & context
gene
ABHD12
kind
hydrolytic enzyme
layer
associated metabolism
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
A comprehensive profile of brain enzymes that hydrolyze the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. ↗

Blankman JL, Simon GM, Cravatt BF. 2007 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-abhd12

target / Evidence-specific

TRPV1

A cation channel responsive to heat, capsaicin and some lipid mediators, including AEA and NADA in selected experiments.

Reading note
TRPV1 is not another CB receptor. Functional effects and concentration ranges differ from CB1.

Record & context
gene
TRPV1
kind
ion channel
layer
extended
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide. ↗

Zygmunt PM, Petersson J, Andersson DA, Chuang H, Sørgård M, Di Marzo V, Julius D, Högestätt ED. 1999 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
An endogenous capsaicin-like substance with high potency at recombinant and native vanilloid VR1 receptors. ↗

Huang SM, Bisogno T, Trevisani M, Al-Hayani A, De Petrocellis L, Fezza F, Tognetto M, Petros TJ, Krey JF, Chu CJ, Miller JD, Davies SN, Geppetti P, Walker JM, Di Marzo V. 2002 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-trpv1

target / Evidence-specific

GPR55

An associated lipid-responsive receptor investigated with cannabinoid ligands.

Reading note
Its ligand pharmacology and classification are debated. It is not labelled CB3 here.

Record & context
gene
GPR55
kind
G-protein-coupled receptor
layer
extended
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor. ↗

Ryberg E, Larsson N, Sjögren S, Hjorth S, Hermansson NO, Leonova J, Elebring T, Nilsson K, Drmota T, Greasley PJ. 2007 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
The endocannabinoidomes: Pharmacological redundancy and promiscuity, and multi-kingdom variety of sources and molecular targets. ↗

Iannotti FA, Di Marzo V. 2025 · review

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-gpr55

target / Evidence-specific

PPARα

A transcription-regulating receptor studied with the related lipids OEA and PEA.

Reading note
A nuclear-receptor pathway is different from rapid synaptic CB1 signalling.

Record & context
gene
PPARA
kind
nuclear receptor
layer
extended
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha. ↗

Fu J, Gaetani S, Oveisi F, Lo Verme J, Serrano A, Rodríguez De Fonseca F, Rosengarth A, Luecke H, Di Giacomo B, Tarzia G, Piomelli D. 2003 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of palmitoylethanolamide. ↗

Lo Verme J, Fu J, Astarita G, La Rana G, Russo R, Calignano A, Piomelli D. 2005 · original study

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-ppar-alpha

target / Evidence-specific

PPARγ

An associated nuclear-receptor target in the broader endocannabinoidome literature.

Reading note
This overview does not assign every phytocannabinoid a validated PPARγ interaction.

Record & context
gene
PPARG
kind
nuclear receptor
layer
extended
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
The endocannabinoidomes: Pharmacological redundancy and promiscuity, and multi-kingdom variety of sources and molecular targets. ↗

Iannotti FA, Di Marzo V. 2025 · review

indexed-abstract · Checked 2026-10-26
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.
Presentation scope

Cannabinoid molecular research · molecular-research, source-index

Molecular identity and research do not establish presence, quantity, effect or authorization in a Mount Herbs product batch.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Checked 2026-10-26. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing ECS editorial record

Record ID: target-ppar-gamma

Existing medical evidence records · 18

clinical / 25 May 2017

A defined formulation. A defined question.

Monthly convulsive-seizure frequency fell from a median 12.4 to 5.9 with adjunctive purified oral CBD, versus 14.9 to 14.1 with placebo.

Pharmaceutical cannabidiol oral solution added to existing antiseizure treatment.

Reading note
Adverse effects and withdrawals were more frequent with CBD. These results are specific to this medicine and Dravet syndrome.

Record & context
population
120 children and young adults with treatment-resistant Dravet syndrome.
method
Randomized, double-blind trial. Not evidence for hemp seed oil or for all epilepsy.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-dravet-trial

clinical / 8 Jul 2022

A route and a condition change the answer.

In 188 adults with focal epilepsy, neither studied transdermal CBD level significantly improved seizure frequency compared with placebo.

Transdermal cannabidiol alongside existing antiseizure medicines.

Reading note
An uncontrolled extension cannot overturn the blinded result. Findings do not negate evidence for a different oral formulation in particular childhood syndromes.

Record & context
population
188 adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
method
Randomized, double-blind trial. Adverse events: 50.4% with CBD versus 41.3% with placebo; the difference was uncertain.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
O’Brien et al. · JAMA Network Open ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-focal-epilepsy

clinical / 20 Jun 2024

Perceived relief and muscle tone differ.

The clinician-rated lower-limb muscle-tone endpoint did not improve significantly with nabiximols versus placebo. On MAS LLMT-6 (Modified Ashworth Scale lower-limb muscle-tone score), changes were −0.23 versus −0.26; adjusted difference 0.04 (P=.7152).

Nabiximols THC:CBD oromucosal spray versus placebo.

Reading note
A negative objective endpoint can coexist with patient-reported symptom benefit in other trials. Neither establishes slowed MS progression.

Record & context
population
68 people with MS spasticity inadequately managed with existing medicines.
method
Double-blind randomized crossover trial; short treatment periods.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
RELEASE MSS1 · original trial ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-ms-muscle-tone

clinical / 16 Aug 2024

A role in difficult chemotherapy nausea.

In adults with chemotherapy nausea or vomiting despite standard antiemetics, an added oral 1:1 THC:CBD extract increased complete response from 8% to 24%. Response meant no vomiting or retching and no rescue medication during the first 120 hours after chemotherapy in the first cycle assessed on study. It was not a tumour response.

Quality-controlled oral 1:1 THC:CBD added to guideline-consistent antiemetics, compared with added placebo.

Reading note
Sedation, dizziness and transient anxiety were more frequent. The trial enrolled fewer people than planned, and only 10% received olanzapine. Results do not establish superiority to every current antiemetic regimen.

Record & context
population
147 evaluable adults with refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting.
method
Absolute response difference: 16 percentage points (95% CI 4–28). ASCO advises against using cannabis to replace cancer-directed treatment; adding it as anticancer therapy belongs in clinical trials.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting ↗

Grimison and colleagues 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
ASCO guideline · published March 2024 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-chemo-trial

clinical / 14 Feb 2025

The comparator changes the conclusion.

A synthesis of 26 randomized trials found better control of chemotherapy nausea and vomiting with cannabinoids than placebo, but no significant overall advantage over active antiemetic medicines.

Different cannabinoid medicines and comparators; adult and paediatric studies.

Reading note
Twenty-three trials were published before 2000. Many comparisons predate today’s multidrug prevention regimens. The review overlaps with contemporary trial evidence and is not wholly independent confirmation.

Record & context
population
26 randomized trials of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
method
Evidence must be read by comparator and treatment era. It supports investigation of symptom relief, not a claim that cannabinoids treat cancer.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Chow et al. · Supportive Care in Cancer · full review ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-chemo-review

clinical / 7 Jul 2025

CBD is not free of biological risk.

In a trial of healthy adults, eight CBD recipients developed liver-enzyme elevations above three times the upper limit of normal; none did with placebo. The estimated event rate was 5.6%. Enzymes returned to normal after CBD was stopped.

Oral CBD solution compared with placebo. The study exposure is context, not a dosing recommendation.

Reading note
These were laboratory safety signals, not eight cases of liver failure. The tested exposure was 5 mg/kg/day; the result does not quantify risk at every dose. Four weeks cannot establish long-term safety.

Record & context
population
201 adults randomized: 151 CBD, 50 placebo. The published rate is a Kaplan–Meier estimate, not 8 divided by 151.
method
A controlled safety signal at the studied exposure. Prescription CBD also needs medication review and liver monitoring.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Florian et al. · JAMA Internal Medicine · original trial ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
FDA explanation of the trial and analysis ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-cbd-liver

clinical / 22 Aug 2025

Placebo performed better in this trial.

Average pain changed by −0.4/10 with CBD and −1.1/10 with placebo. The 0.7-point difference favoured placebo (95% CI 0.25–1.2).

Plant-derived CBD tablets versus placebo.

Reading note
The result challenges routine CBD pain claims for fibromyalgia. It does not answer every cannabinoid question in every pain condition.

Record & context
population
200 adults with fibromyalgia · single-centre trial.
method
Randomized and double-blind. Adverse events were generally mild and similarly distributed.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Cannabidiol versus placebo in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial ↗

Rasmussen and colleagues 2025 online; 2026 issue · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-fibromyalgia-cbd

clinical / 29 Aug 2025

Perceived sleep and measured sleep can differ.

Six trials found a pooled improvement in subjective sleep quality with some cannabinoid formulations. CBD-only preparations did not show a significant benefit, and improvements measured by actigraphy were not established.

CBD-only, THC-containing and other cannabinoid formulations.

Reading note
Results varied substantially across studies. Populations and preparations differed, and perceived sleep quality is not the same outcome as objectively measured sleep. A pooled result cannot be applied to every product.

Record & context
population
Six trials · 1,077 adults with or without insomnia or poor sleep, without comorbidities.
method
High heterogeneity (I² 88%) limits confidence in the pooled headline. This is not evidence for a hemp seed sleep remedy.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
da Silva et al. · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 2025 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-sleep-review

clinical / 29 Sep 2025

A small average benefit, with more adverse effects.

VER-01 reduced pain by an adjusted 0.6/10 more than placebo (95% CI 0.3–0.9). A ≥30% pain reduction occurred in 54.1% versus 39.5%.

Standardized oral THC-dominant full-spectrum extract, VER-01.

Reading note
Adverse events: 83.3% versus 67.3%; discontinuation due to adverse events: 17.3% versus 3.5%. The later randomized-withdrawal primary endpoint was not significant.

Record & context
population
820 adults with chronic low-back pain randomized.
method
Large industry-sponsored trial. Results cannot be generalized to other extracts, seed foods or certain long-term benefit.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Karst et al. · Nature Medicine ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-ver01-placebo

clinical / 30 Sep 2025

The primary question was constipation.

The primary constipation outcome favoured VER-01 over individualized opioid therapy (risk ratio 0.25; 95% CI 0.09–0.69).

VER-01 oral extract versus individualized opioid treatment.

Reading note
Key week-27 pain and sleep comparisons were not significant. Adverse-event rates were 73.0% versus 73.7%. Lack of masking and industry sponsorship require caution.

Record & context
population
384 adults with chronic low-back pain.
method
Open-label design. This is not blanket proof of superiority across outcomes or cannabinoid preparations.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Original VER-01 comparator trial ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-ver01-opioids

clinical / 23 Dec 2025

Modest pain relief. Measurable risks.

Across 25 trials, some THC-containing medicines produced small average reductions in chronic pain. Extracted products with comparable THC and CBD, delivered through the mouth lining, reduced pain by about 0.54 points more than placebo on a 0–10 scale. Dizziness, sedation and nausea increased.

Extracted comparable THC:CBD; synthetic or purified THC; lower-THC preparations analysed separately.

Reading note
Most evidence concerned nerve pain over 1–6 months. Preparations differed, and low-THC/CBD-dominant products may not improve outcomes. Long-term benefit and harm remain uncertain.

Record & context
population
25 placebo-controlled trials · 2,303 participants · 64% of trials concerned neuropathic pain.
method
Comparable-ratio preparations probably slightly reduce pain. This does not establish the same result for every cannabis product.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Chou et al. · Annals of Internal Medicine ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
AHRQ 2025 report · same evidence programme ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-pain-review

clinical / 19 Jan 2026

Partial relief is different from substantial relief.

For chronic nerve pain, the updated review found no clear evidence that THC-dominant, balanced or CBD-dominant medicines produce substantial pain relief of at least 50%. Balanced THC:CBD may help some people achieve a smaller, 30% reduction.

THC-dominant, balanced THC:CBD and CBD-dominant medicines assessed separately.

Reading note
Certainty was low to very low. Adverse effects can cause people to stop treatment. These findings concern selected trial preparations, not all cannabis use.

Record & context
population
21 studies · 2,187 adults · treatment lasting 2–26 weeks.
method
For balanced THC:CBD, about 7 extra people per 100 achieved ≥30% relief, while 5 extra per 100 stopped because of adverse effects. Authors judged these effects not clinically relevant.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Ateş et al. · current Cochrane publication ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-nerve-pain

clinical / 16 Feb 2026

An early signal is not a settled treatment.

In 20 adults with diagnosed insomnia, isolated cannabinol (CBN) did not significantly improve the primary outcome: time awake after first falling asleep. One active condition improved some secondary measures, including sleep-onset time and perceived sleep quality.

Oral CBN isolate at two active levels, compared with placebo. CBN is distinct from CBD and THC.

Reading note
The study was small and tested single nights. Secondary findings cannot override a null primary outcome or establish long-term effectiveness and safety.

Record & context
population
20 adults · randomized, double-blind, three-condition crossover trial.
method
Early clinical research. Larger, longer trials are needed before drawing conclusions about routine insomnia care.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Lavender et al. · Journal of Sleep Research · full trial ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-cbn-sleep

clinical / 16 Mar 2026

Mental-health review: correction pending.

Finding summary is withheld pending primary-source review of the linked correction (PMID42302809).

Several cannabinoid formulations, studied for mental or substance-use disorders as the primary indication.

Reading note
The original abstract was inspected. A published correction is linked, but its primary text remains unavailable in this review. We cannot confirm which interpretations remain unaffected.

Record & context
population
54 randomized trials · 2,477 participants; typically small studies.
method
Correction status checked 5 November 2026. Outcome conclusions remain withheld pending correction review; heterogeneous disorders and formulations cannot be merged into one treatment claim.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Wilson et al. · The Lancet Psychiatry · original review ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Linked correction · primary text pending review ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-mental-health

clinical / May 2026 · current US label

A specific medicine. Specific seizure disorders.

Pharmaceutical purified CBD, added to existing antiseizure treatment, reduced specific seizure types in trials of Dravet syndrome, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. In the United States, prescription Epidiolex is approved for seizures associated with these conditions from age 1.

Purified cannabidiol oral solution, used alongside existing antiseizure medicines.

Reading note
This is evidence for a standardized prescription oral solution. It does not establish equivalent effects from cannabis, shop-bought CBD or hemp seed oil. Liver effects, sleepiness and drug interactions require clinical monitoring.

Record & context
population
Separate randomized trials: Dravet, 120 participants; Lennox–Gastaut, 225; tuberous sclerosis complex, 224.
method
Defined trial populations and prescription indication. US approval does not establish Indian approval or availability. Do not change antiseizure treatment without the treating clinician.
Follow the documented connections 2
documented in · to this recordTrial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

The documented relationship is “documented in”: Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome to A specific medicine. Specific seizure disorders.. Uses the existing clinical evidence record for formulation, outcomes and safety context.

Evidence for this connection
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
documented in · to this recordAdd-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial ↗

The documented relationship is “documented in”: Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial to A specific medicine. Specific seizure disorders.. Separate TSC trial retained within the existing epilepsy evidence dossier.

Evidence for this connection
Tuberous sclerosis trial · JAMA Neurology · online 2020 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Sources & access
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Lennox–Gastaut trial · NEJM · 2018 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Tuberous sclerosis trial · JAMA Neurology · online 2020 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
EPIDIOLEX prescribing information, revised May 2026 ↗

2026 · Medicine label

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full label available. Exact US prescription formulation, seizure indications, age range, liver monitoring, sedation and interactions; not an endorsement of other CBD products.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-epilepsy-cbd

clinical / 28 May 2026

A modest signal that needs replication.

Oral CBD reduced average pain by 0.54/10 more than placebo (95% CI 0.21–0.88 improvement). Adverse events affected 68.4% during CBD and 52.6% during placebo, mostly minor.

Oral cannabidiol versus placebo, with washout between periods.

Reading note
Small sample, short follow-up and only six women limit generalization. This does not resolve the negative fibromyalgia result in another population.

Record & context
population
40 adults randomized; 38 in the primary analysis · spinal-cord-injury neuropathic pain.
method
Early condition-specific signal. Larger and longer trials are needed.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
High-dose cannabidiol for chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a randomised clinical trial ↗

Robertson and colleagues 2026 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-spinal-cord-cbd

clinical / 2 Aug 2026

A modest change in perceived spasticity.

The selected 2026 review found modest improvements in patient-reported MS spasticity, most consistently with standardized THC:CBD extracts. A direct comparison across seven studies favoured these extracts by 0.82 points on a spasticity rating scale.

THC:CBD extracts, including medicines delivered through the mouth lining; other cannabinoids assessed separately.

Reading note
Certainty was low, studies varied, and objective functional benefits were limited. Adverse effects were common. Symptom relief does not mean that the medicine slows MS progression.

Record & context
population
27 randomized-trial publications · over 3,000 participants overall; seven studies in the direct THC:CBD analysis.
method
Low certainty in the 2026 review. Some studies selected previous responders, limiting generalisation. The established 2022 Cochrane review supports short-term perceived-spasticity benefit for nabiximols.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
Hamm-Buiar et al. · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · 2026 ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Cochrane MS review · established 2022 benchmark ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-ms-spasticity

clinical / 3 Oct 2026 · context checked

One plant does not mean one medicine.

Hemp seed oil is pressed from seeds; it is not CBD oil. FDA explains that seeds do not naturally contain CBD or THC, although trace amounts can enter during processing. Cannabinoid medicines use specified compounds and formulations. Findings cannot be transferred between them.

THC: tetrahydrocannabinol. CBD: cannabidiol. CBN: cannabinol. Hemp seed oil and protein are separate seed ingredients.

Reading note
THC can impair attention, coordination and driving. Cannabis use can lead to dependence. CBD can interact with medicines and cause sleepiness and liver effects. Discuss use with a qualified clinician, especially alongside other treatment.

Record & context
population
General education. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, adolescence and a history of psychosis warrant particular caution and professional advice.
method
Mount Herbs’ supplied range is 100 ml hemp seed oil and 500 g hemp protein powder. No therapeutic claim or cannabinoid content is established for these products here.
Follow the documented connections 0

No relationship is admitted for this record in this edition. That is a coverage gap, not evidence of no connection.

Sources & access
FDA · cannabis, CBD and hemp seed ingredients ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
CDC · cannabis and driving ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
NCCIH · background safety overview (updated November 2019) ↗

· existing medical library

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Source metadata inherited from the medical dossier. The dossier update date is not this publication’s date.
EPIDIOLEX prescribing information, revised May 2026 ↗

2026 · Medicine label

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Full label available. Exact US prescription formulation, seizure indications, age range, liver monitoring, sedation and interactions; not an endorsement of other CBD products.
Presentation scope

Clinical and medical literature · medical-literature, source-index

This evidence concerns the formulation, population and outcome in the cited study. It does not establish efficacy or a permitted claim for a Mount Herbs product.

Independent publication review remains pending. Source review does not authorize commercial reuse.

Editorial history & rights

inherited. Not re-reviewed in this edition. Source verification is not independent scholarly approval.

Existing editorial record; original source links only

Record ID: study-medicine-and-seed

Comparative readings · 10

“Peripheral receptor” and a changing research map

Original record

The 1993 paper describes cloning and expression of a peripheral cannabinoid receptor.

Historical context

Its title and early expression experiments helped distinguish CB2 from the previously characterized receptor.

Modern evidence

The ECS reader treats receptor distribution as tissue- and model-specific; an original assay’s detection limits are not a universal absence statement.

What remains unresolved

A general “CB2 is never in the brain” claim is not established by this record. Cell state, methods and later evidence require separate evaluation.

Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids ↗

Munro, Thomas and Abu-Shaar 1993 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Additional review & access notesECS archive · 2026-10-26 · indexed-abstract
Indexed metadata and abstract inspected through PubMed or Europe PMC. Only the specific model and outcome described are admitted. Selected evidence, not a systematic review. Numerical detail is omitted when not verified.

Read the original experiment ↗

Explore sourced tissue contexts ↗

A famous name and the actual author line

Original record

The 1964 THC paper lists Gaoni and Mechoulam. The 1992 anandamide paper lists ten authors.

Historical context

Popular retellings often compress a chain of experiments into one person’s name.

Modern evidence

This atlas separates papers and credits their documented teams; chemical identification, receptor binding and gene cloning are different achievements.

What remains unresolved

Author order alone does not identify who performed each experiment; no contribution taxonomy is invented for papers that lack it.

Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish ↗

Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam 1964 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.

THC paper ↗

Anandamide paper ↗

A recorded practice and a tested treatment

Original record

The Manikaran study records material, food and reported medicinal practices from 2015–2017 fieldwork.

Historical context

Interviews document what participants reported and how regional knowledge was described at that time.

Modern evidence

A clinical study asks a different question using a specified intervention, comparator, outcome and safety assessment. Neither source type can substitute for the other.

What remains unresolved

The field study does not establish present-day household practices, treatment efficacy, or Mount Herbs supplier relationships.

Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya ↗

Sumati Rathore; Sarla Shashni; Sher Singh Samant; Rakesh Chandra Sundriyal 2018 · original ethnobotanical field study

publisher-indexed abstract and DOI metadata inspected; direct page timed out · Checked 2026-10-26
Publisher record: 25 September 2018, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 25(3), 127–130, DOI 10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-7393KF. Field visits, questionnaires and interviews during 2015–2017; pooled traditional-use reports, not efficacy trials.
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome ↗

Devinsky and colleagues 2017 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.

Original field-study record ↗

Existing clinical library ↗

The age of a fruit is not the date of domestication

Original record

The Okinoshima team directly dated excavated hemp fruits; its 2009 abstract reports an approximately 10,000-calibrated-year age.

Historical context

The authors discussed possible cultivation and use, while presenting direct material dates.

Modern evidence

Specimen dating, cultivation inference and genetic domestication models answer distinct questions. The original Natural History sequence remains the chronology.

What remains unresolved

A fruit alone does not identify an intoxicating preparation, a first grower, or a universal point of origin.

Radiocarbon dating of fossil hemp fruits in the earliest Jomon period excavated from the Okinoshima site, Chiba, Japan ↗

Yuichiro Kudo, Makiko Kobayashi, Arata Momohara, Shuichi Noshiro, Toshio Nakamura, Susumu Okitsu, Seiichi Yanagisawa and Tozo Okamoto 2009 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of Cannabis sativa ↗

Guangpeng Ren and colleagues 2021 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.

Original radiocarbon study ↗

Existing Natural History ↗

A name is not yet a plant identification

Original record

Original passage not admitted: manuscript witness, critical-edition locator and translation remain blank.

Historical context

A historical name must be interpreted in its sentence, genre and manuscript tradition.

Modern evidence

The official API index explicitly connects Vijayā with Cannabis sativa Linn., leaf.

What remains unresolved

That modern identification cannot be projected backwards onto every mention of vijayā, bhaṅga or soma.

Cannabis in Traditional Indian Alchemy ↗

Patricia Sauthoff 2024 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78

Two traditions of understanding the body

Original record

The CCRAS dossier describes an Ayurvedic framework; the 1990 receptor paper reports a molecular experiment.

Historical context

Doṣa terminology organizes function within Ayurveda’s own conceptual setting.

Modern evidence

Cloning and functional expression identify a specific receptor in an experimental system.

What remains unresolved

No one-to-one correspondence between vāta, pitta, kapha and CB1 or CB2 is established by these sources.

Ayurveda: The Science of Life — dossier ↗

CCRAS · official educational publication

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Read for Ayurvedic conceptual vocabulary, especially the drug-description framework. Its traditional theoretical descriptions are not used as clinical proof.
Locator: Introductory concepts; printed pages 46–47 / PDF pages 71–72
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA ↗

Matsuda and colleagues 1990 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.

Explore the ECS evidence ↗

A Sanskrit name, a twentieth-century experiment

Original record

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues reported isolation of an endogenous cannabinoid-receptor ligand in 1992.

Historical context

The name anandamide invokes Sanskrit ānanda, commonly translated as bliss, with amide referring to its chemistry.

Modern evidence

The discovery concerns a chemically identified brain constituent and receptor-binding experiments.

What remains unresolved

Etymology does not imply that a classical author isolated anandamide, knew its structure or discovered the ECS.

Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor ↗

Devane, Hanuš and colleagues 1992 · canonical history

Inherited source record; access extent not reassessed in this edition
Consult the linked record and its original context.
Endocannabinoids: anandamide terminology ↗

Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University of Sydney · institutional explanation

full-webpage · Checked 2026-10-26
The university explanation explicitly identifies Sanskrit ananda as bliss. Used only for the name, not its broader clinical or physiological suggestions.

Original indexed publication ↗

Processing: a research question, not a guarantee

Original record

The official pharmacy curriculum includes śodhana and saṃskāra as disciplinary concepts.

Historical context

Historical preparation changes the material under discussion; names alone do not specify its composition.

Modern evidence

A contemporary evaluation would need characterized material, analytical measurements and an appropriate study design.

What remains unresolved

No recipe, dose or claim that processing makes cannabis safe is admitted here.

Second Professional BAMS: Rasashastra evam Bhaishajyakalpana curriculum ↗

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine · official curriculum

indexed-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Disciplinary terminology and curriculum scope, including saṃskāra and śodhana. No preparation procedure is reproduced.
Locator: Curriculum module headings; PDF page 6
CCRAS pharmacological research: completed project register ↗

Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · official research register

full-webpage · Checked 2026-10-26
The register lists IPG0025, a cannabis-leaf safety/toxicity project, as completed. No outcome report was admitted in this review; completion is not a favourable result.

Completed does not mean proven safe

Original record

CCRAS lists cannabis-leaf safety/toxicity project IPG0025 as completed.

Historical context

The register establishes that a project was listed and assigned that administrative status.

Modern evidence

Results require the actual report, tested material, model, methods and findings.

What remains unresolved

The report is not admitted. Neither a favourable nor an adverse conclusion can be filled in from the listing.

CCRAS pharmacological research: completed project register ↗

Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · official research register

full-webpage · Checked 2026-10-26
The register lists IPG0025, a cannabis-leaf safety/toxicity project, as completed. No outcome report was admitted in this review; completion is not a favourable result.

A standard is not a licence

Original record

The API index, Schedule E(1) and the 2024 clearance order address different questions.

Historical context

Historical medicinal use and official reference publication have distinct evidentiary roles.

Modern evidence

Identity/quality, product classification, manufacturing permission and claim substantiation must each be checked.

What remains unresolved

No Mount Herbs medicinal authorization, product release or government affiliation follows from this exhibit.

API Part I, Volume I: official single-drug index ↗

Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy · official index

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page index; entry 78 identifies Vijayā, Cannabis sativa Linn., Leaf. This is an index, not the full monograph.
Locator: Page 2, entry 78
Drugs Rules, 1945: CDSCO consolidated text through 2022 ↗

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation 2022 · official consolidated rules

full-document-selected-provisions · Checked 2026-10-26
Schedule E(1) and rule 161(2) checked in this dated consolidation. Read alongside later amendments; it is not a consolidated 2026 rulebook.
Locator: PDF page 346: Schedule E(1); PDF page 190: rule 161(2)
Ayush order concerning specified Bhanga- and Ahiphena-containing ASU formulations ↗

Ministry of Ayush; official State Licensing Authority mirror 2024 · official order

full-document · Checked 2026-10-26
Two-page order dated 7 August 2024, T-11011/11/2021-DCC, under section 33P. Reviewed as an original order; later case-specific implementation and clearance remain unverified.
Research candidates and coverage gaps · 31

These entries are research tasks, not published biographies, authenticated passages or proof of a particular contribution. Consent-dependent community material is not admitted without permission.

  • Herodotus, Dioscorides, Pliny and Galen

    Verify the exact work, passage, edition, translation and plant identification before admitting individual classical-text profiles.

  • Ibn al-Baytar and al-Badrī

    Locate critical editions and passage-level scholarship; modern commentary alone does not authenticate an original quotation.

  • Shennong attribution and early Chinese commentators

    Separate legendary attribution from compilation dates, manuscript witnesses and modern botanical identification.

  • Linnaeus, Lamarck, Vavilov, Schultes and Small

    Admit exact taxonomic or evolutionary publications, with nomenclature separated from present-day consensus.

  • Roger Adams

    Verify original cannabinoid-chemistry papers and full author teams rather than assigning broad priority from a biography.

  • Herkenham, Di Marzo, Piomelli, Mackie and ElSohly

    Extend contribution profiles from the existing ECS bibliography; recheck names, experimental role and date-scoped affiliations.

  • Cooper, Haney, Gruber, Sisley, Müller-Vahl, Guzmán, Sánchez, Abrams, Russo and Hall

    Admit specific benefit, null-result, harm and dependence studies without treating expertise as clinical consensus.

  • Lester Grinspoon — Marihuana Reconsidered

    The supplied Smithsonian catalogue URL returned 404 on 26 October 2026. Recover a legitimate catalogue/edition before admitting bibliographic metadata.

  • Cervantes, Herer, Lee, Backes, Mills and Wujastyk

    Verify exact editions, authorship and scholarly evaluations; influential writing can contain disputed or superseded claims.

  • Rathbun, Peron, Corral and DeAngelo

    Seek archival/organizational records and conflicting perspectives; do not treat advocacy as proof of efficacy.

  • Nelson, Snoop Dogg, Marin, Chong and Rogen

    Admit a specific documented cultural contribution with rights treatment; do not create celebrity endorsement links.

  • African-authored scholarship and community records

    Expand beyond scholarship about Africa by identifying original contributions from African institutions and authors. Do not infer identity from a name.

  • Latin American research and historical archives

    Identify original Spanish- and Portuguese-language scholarly and archival records; this release does not claim representative regional coverage.

  • Himalayan knowledge-holder contributions

    Obtain informed consent, attribution preferences, recording/publication permissions and correction/withdrawal arrangements before adding identified community narratives.

  • Complete Vijayā monograph and current edition lineage

    The official index is accessible; the catalogue times out and the full standard has not been admitted.

    Next review: Obtain an authorized full monograph and reconcile every applicable amendment before displaying morphology, microscopy, synonyms or analytical limits.

  • Vijayā Patra pharmacognosy resource

    The supplied OHOScompressed.pdf route returned 404.

    Next review: Locate an authentic replacement; verify species, plant part, labelled anatomy and reproduction rights before a microscopy reconstruction.

  • Indexed Bhaṅgā Patra draft monograph

    Search indexing identifies a draft, while direct retrieval returned 404. Adoption and final text were not verified.

    Next review: Obtain the document, verify consultation/adoption status and reconcile final publication. Do not present a draft as an effective standard.

  • Later API amendment reconciliation

    Official search results expose later Part I and Part II notifications; their complete scope has not been reconciled here.

    Next review: Retrieve the 2025 notifications and later publications; link only changes that actually affect the relevant volume or monograph.

  • Current application of the 7 August 2024 order

    An original order and a later rules amendment do not settle every subsequent direction, proceeding or state implementation.

    Next review: Check subsequent official orders and judgments; obtain the competent licensing authority’s current procedure.

  • IPG0025: the actual cannabis-leaf report

    Only the completed-project register has been admitted.

    Next review: Locate the report and extract test-material identity, methods, species/model, outcomes, limitations and publication status.

  • Ānandakanda primary passage

    Scholarly context is available; no original witness or edition passage is admitted.

    Next review: Acquire a lawful critical edition or identified manuscript; record chapter/verse, variants, translator, dating uncertainty and plant-identification reasoning.

  • Vaṅgasena and Cikitsāsārasaṃgraha

    No cannabis passage from an identified edition has passed this review.

    Next review: Verify attribution, dating, text locator and scholarly interpretation before adding a historical cannabis claim.

  • Carakasaṃhitā

    A requested research target, not an admitted cannabis attestation.

    Next review: Find a verified edition and precise passage; assess historical date, lexical identity, translation and competing interpretations.

  • Suśrutasaṃhitā

    A requested research target, not an admitted cannabis attestation.

    Next review: Find a verified edition and precise passage; assess historical date, lexical identity, translation and competing interpretations.

  • Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya

    A requested research target, not an admitted cannabis attestation.

    Next review: Find a verified edition and precise passage; assess historical date, lexical identity, translation and competing interpretations.

  • Bhāvaprakāśa

    A requested research target, not an admitted cannabis attestation.

    Next review: Find a verified edition and precise passage; assess historical date, lexical identity, translation and competing interpretations.

  • Authenticated nighaṇṭus

    A requested research target, not an admitted cannabis attestation.

    Next review: Find a verified edition and precise passage; assess historical date, lexical identity, translation and competing interpretations.

  • Archival preparation catalogue

    No exact classical preparation entry has yet met the edition, plant-part and rights requirements.

    Next review: Admit names, source locators and historical classifications only after textual verification; omit operational recipes and unverified doses.

  • Himachal Pradesh and other state-specific permissions

    Selected central provisions do not establish current state permissions.

    Next review: Verify applicable official state instruments, authority and effective dates; keep food, ASU medicines, cosmetics and pet products distinct.

  • Food and medical-practice jurisdiction crosswalk

    This module does not complete FSSAI, cosmetics, veterinary, advertising or practitioner-registration checks.

    Next review: Connect verified class-specific official records to the existing law library; do not use the API entry as a substitute for product classification.

  • Permissioned contemporary community material

    No new interview, private household practice, recording or photograph is admitted.

    Next review: Obtain consent, attribution preferences, recording/publication rights and a correction route; review applicable biodiversity and benefit-sharing obligations.

Editorial method, rights and review

Bibliographic metadata is checked against original publishers, indexed records or official institutions. Linked full text may be inaccessible. Each citation states the extent inspected. Old catalogue entries retain their original review status instead of receiving a new verification date automatically.

No author portrait, historical manuscript facsimile or book cover has been fabricated. Exhibition objects are contemporary illustrations. External links do not imply a licence to republish their contents.

Source verification, independent scholarly review and approval for publication are separate steps. Specialist Sanskrit interpretation, comprehensive biography, all-current-law certification and permissions-dependent community contributions remain review tasks. The site does not provide medical, cultivation, processing or licensing instructions.

Corrections can be prepared from any interactive record. No correction modifies the collection automatically; editorial review and a new source revision are required.

A better source?

A useful correction points to an original document and the passage that changes the record. Please leave out personal, patient and supplier information.

This prepares a local file for editorial review. It does not publish a change or send a message.