{ "schemaVersion": 1, "researchCutoff": "2026-10-22", "scope": "Eleven starting places; partial documentary coverage. No community review or current practice confirmation.", "sources": [ { "id": "PV-S01", "title": "History — Mythological References", "author": "District Administration Kullu", "url": "https://hpkullu.nic.in/history/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Kullu region", "passageLocator": "Mythological References, final paragraph; footer update25April2018", "limitations": [ "Explicit mythology. No date of Jamlu’s journey or equation of Kullu with Parvati Valley is established." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S02", "title": "Manikaran", "author": "District Administration Kullu", "url": "https://hpkullu.nic.in/tourist-place/manikaran/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "passageLocator": "Main paragraphs1–3; footer update26April2018", "limitations": [ "Only a brief Shiva–Parvati association; no complete jewel/Sheshnag narrative on this page.", "Radioactivity, above-boiling temperatures and healing statements are not scientific or medical evidence. Access/transport advice not currently verified." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S03", "title": "Parvati Valley", "author": "Great Himalayan National Park Authorities", "url": "https://greathimalayannationalpark.org/valleys/parvati-valley/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Parvati Valley", "passageLocator": "Main account, three paragraphs; footer updated10September2026", "limitations": [ "Footer date is not an article publication date. Destination list does not define national-park boundaries, walking routes or current access." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S04", "title": "Devtas of Bhuntar", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Bhuntar grouping / wider Kullu", "passageLocator": "Index and linked deity records", "limitations": [ "A directory grouping, not evidence that every shrine is in Bhuntar town, Parvati Valley, or a current exhaustive census." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S05", "title": "Kullu", "author": "Himachal Tourism", "url": "https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/kullu-2/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read_by_direct_https", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Wider Kullu / named places", "passageLocator": "Kasol, Malana and Manikaran sections", "limitations": [ "Web reader502; ordinary HTTPS succeeded with certificate verification and retained hash.", "Healing claims, democratic-antiquity superlatives and current access assertions excluded." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S06", "title": "Gurudwaras — Manikaran Sahib Gurudwara", "author": "Himachal Tourism", "url": "https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/gurudwara/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read_by_direct_https", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "passageLocator": "Manikaran Sahib Gurudwara section", "limitations": [ "Supports attributed Guru Nanak visit tradition, not established travel date or detailed Mardana bread story. Therapeutic claims excluded." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S07", "title": "Documentation of an endangered language: Kunashi", "author": "Uppsala University; Anju Saxena, project leader", "url": "https://www.uu.se/en/research/research-projects/project?query=2014-00560_VR", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "institutional_research_project", "geographicScope": "Malana", "passageLocator": "Time period, project description, collaboration paragraph", "limitations": [ "Project period is not publication/founding date or current speaker survey. Planned outputs are not presented as completed." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S08", "title": "Indigenous uses of wild hemp (Cannabis sativa) by the local inhabitants in Manikaran Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya", "author": "Sumati Rathore, Sarla Shashni, Sher Singh Samant and Rakesh Chand Sundriyal", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356773515_Indigenous_uses_of_wild_hemp_Cannabis_sativa_by_the_local_inhabitants_in_Manikaran_Valley_of_Himachal_Pradesh_North_Western_Himalaya", "publicationDate": "2018-09", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "author_uploaded_full_text_read", "evidenceClass": "primary_ethnobotanical_field_report", "geographicScope": "Kasol, Rasol, Pulga, Kalga, Tosh", "passageLocator": "Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products25(3),127–130; Methodology and Cultural importance, printedp128", "limitations": [ "Fieldwork2015–2017; published2018; author upload2022. Findings are pooled, not household-specific.", "Reported practices do not establish clinical efficacy, current prevalence, cultivation permission, product formula or Mount Herbs supply.", "Study-area latitude/longitude labels appear inverted; do not use them to geolocate villages." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S09", "title": "Kalga", "author": "KYTA; narrative attributed on page to Hashim Qayoom", "url": "https://sheikspear.wixsite.com/kyta/kalga", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read_by_direct_https", "evidenceClass": "attributed_organisation_account", "geographicScope": "Kalga", "passageLocator": "Narrative after introduction; wood-and-stone/orchard paragraphs", "limitations": [ "Settlement origin is uncorroborated KYTA narrative. No exact foundation, house count, permanent population or present-day absence of a deity established.", "Do not reproduce the dialogue as a verified interview or convert account into brand partnership." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S10", "title": "Manikaran, Parvati Valley, Kullu — Shaankara Jyoti Prakasha", "author": "Vedanta Bharati", "url": "https://www.vedantabharati.org/shaankara-jyoti-prakasha/locations/loc-shiva-mandir-manikaran", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read_by_direct_https", "evidenceClass": "religious_organisation_tradition_account", "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "passageLocator": "Opening under Adi Shankaracharya’s Visit; account identifies local recitations/living traditions", "limitations": [ "Claimed26May2026 visit is not publication date. No independent ancient text edition or consecration chronology established.", "Only attributed jewel tradition admitted; healing and supernatural geology are not scientific conclusions." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S11", "title": "Jamdagni Rishi", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/jamdagni-rishi/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Malana", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S12", "title": "Jamlu", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/jamlu/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Tosh", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S13", "title": "Narayan Pulga", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/narayan-pulga/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Pulga", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S14", "title": "Than Tulga", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/than-tulga/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Tulga", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S15", "title": "Ram Chander Ji Manikaran", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/ram-chander-ji-manikaran/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S16", "title": "Devi Naina", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/devi-naina-2/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S17", "title": "Somu Narayan", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/somu-narayan/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Kasol", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S18", "title": "Jagtham", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/jagtham/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Barshaini/Bershaini and linked villages", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S19", "title": "Yagya Valakya Rishi", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/yagya-valakya-rishi/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Grahan", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S20", "title": "Mata Parvati", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/mata-parvati/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Chong / wider Kullu; Manikaran/Kheer Ganga links", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S21", "title": "Devta Jamlu", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/devta-jamlu/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Ursu / wider Kullu", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S22", "title": "Jamlu Rishi", "author": "Kullu Dussehra official website", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/devtas-of-bhuntar/jamlu-rishi/", "publicationDate": null, "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_html_read", "evidenceClass": "official_record", "geographicScope": "Hawai / wider Kullu", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields", "limitations": [ "Undated directory; no community review or2026 festival confirmation occurred.", "Local spelling, practice and access restrictions require community review. Personal contact fields deliberately omitted." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S23", "title": "Gazetteer of the Kangra District, PartsII–IV: Kulu, Lahul and Spiti", "author": "Punjab Government; A.H.Diack, revised by P.D.Agnew; Indus1994 reprint", "url": "https://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/1897-Gazetteer-of-Kangra-District--Kulu-Lahoul-and-Spiti.pdf", "publicationDate": "1899", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "original_scan_downloaded_text_inspected", "evidenceClass": "colonial_administrative_archive", "geographicScope": "Historical Kullu and tributary valleys", "passageLocator": "PDFp2 imprint; PDFp3 preface30May1898; printedpp10–11/PDF26–27 hot springs; PDF18 Parbati geography; printedp53/PDF69 language", "limitations": [ "Filename1897 contradicts imprint1899; use firstpublished1899/reprinted1994.", "Colonial perspective, OCR errors and obsolete medical/social claims require critical reading. No current authority or clinical evidence inferred.", "Attestation by1899 is not the earliest attestation or proven naming date." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S27", "title": "Dated public Parvati place extract", "author": "OpenStreetMap contributors; project capture14October2026", "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright", "publicationDate": "2026-10-14", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "local_source_snapshot_inspected", "evidenceClass": "community_geodata_snapshot", "geographicScope": "Seven existing public place nodes", "passageLocator": "research/geodata/parvati-public-atlas-2026-10-14.geojson and retained query/receipt", "limitations": [ "Snapshot capture13OctoberUTC/14OctoberIndia, not a new22October online verification.", "ODbL1.0; preserve attribution. Place nodes are not surveyed centroids, boundaries, trails, property or species locations." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" }, { "id": "PV-S30", "title": "Introduction: Kanashi, its speakers, its linguistic and extralinguistic context", "author": "Anju Saxena and Lars Borin", "url": "https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1724275/FULLTEXT01.pdf", "publicationDate": "2022", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "readStatus": "underlying_primary_chapter_read", "evidenceClass": "primary_linguistic_research", "geographicScope": "Malana / Malana river valley / Kullu", "passageLocator": "Printed p3 / PDF p3, Kanashi and Malana; printed pp8–9 / PDF pp8–9, volume contents", "limitations": [ "Historical field context and estimates are not a 2026 census, current trail report or community publication permission.", "License CC BY-NC-ND4.0: do not reuse figures, maps, audio or substantive text in the commercial website without suitable permission. This register uses factual paraphrase and a short evidence excerpt.", "Introductory chapter inspected, not every chapter in the volume; migration hypotheses remain hypotheses." ], "publicationStatus": "admitted_with_attribution" } ], "claims": [ { "id": "MH-PV-001", "claim": "The Parvati Valley extends east from the Parvati–Beas confluence at Bhuntar in Kullu district.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented geography", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S03", "passageLocator": "Main account, three paragraphs; footer updated10September2026" } ], "geographicScope": "Parvati Valley", "limitations": [], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-002", "claim": "Official accounts use both Parvati and Parbati spellings for the river and valley.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented geography", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S02", "passageLocator": "Main paragraphs1–3; footer update26April2018" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S03", "passageLocator": "Main account, three paragraphs; footer updated10September2026" } ], "geographicScope": "Parvati/Parbati Valley", "limitations": [ "Spelling variation does not establish a naming date or historical etymology." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-004", "claim": "District Kullu records Jamlu of Malana carrying a basket of gods across Chandrakhani; wind disperses them through Kullu.", "evidenceCategory": "Religious or mythological tradition", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S01", "passageLocator": "Mythological References, final paragraph; footer update25April2018" } ], "geographicScope": "Kullu / Malana / Chandrakhani", "limitations": [ "Undated recorded legend, not verified historical dispersal or a Parvati-only legend." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-005", "claim": "The district places this legend within Kullu’s Valley of Gods identity. Kullu is the wider regional frame; Parvati is one river valley within it.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented cultural account", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S01", "passageLocator": "Mythological References, final paragraph; footer update25April2018" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S03", "passageLocator": "Main account, three paragraphs; footer updated10September2026" } ], "geographicScope": "Kullu / Parvati Valley", "limitations": [ "Do not use Kullu, Parvati and Malana as interchangeable localities." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-006", "claim": "Manikaran is documented as a Hindu and Sikh pilgrimage place, with Raghunathjee and a gurdwara in the district account.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented history", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S02", "passageLocator": "Main paragraphs1–3; footer update26April2018" } ], "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "limitations": [], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-007", "claim": "The district account connects Manikaran with Shiva and Parvati in an explicitly legendary association.", "evidenceCategory": "Religious or mythological tradition", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S02", "passageLocator": "Main paragraphs1–3; footer update26April2018" } ], "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "limitations": [ "This source does not itself give a detailed lost-jewel narrative." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-008", "claim": "Vedanta Bharati’s account of local recitations tells of Parvati losing her jewel in the river and Shiva’s search bringing it back with the springs.", "evidenceCategory": "Religious or mythological tradition", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S10", "passageLocator": "Opening under Adi Shankaracharya’s Visit; account identifies local recitations/living traditions" } ], "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "limitations": [ "Attribute this telling to the religious organisation; no ancient event date, textual edition or geological mechanism established." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-010", "claim": "Himachal Tourism describes the Manikaran gurdwara as honouring Guru Nanak and records a tradition of his visit.", "evidenceCategory": "Religious or mythological tradition", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S06", "passageLocator": "Manikaran Sahib Gurudwara section" } ], "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "limitations": [ "No precise travel year or archaeological proof inferred." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-012", "claim": "The district records rice being cooked with spring heat at Manikaran.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented cultural account", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S02", "passageLocator": "Main paragraphs1–3; footer update26April2018" } ], "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "limitations": [ "Recorded use, not cooking instructions, safe-temperature guidance, medical evidence or current confirmation." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-013", "claim": "The official Dussehra directory records Ram Chander Ji Manikaran and associated Hanuman, Bhole Nath and Raghunath.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S15", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Manikaran", "limitations": [ "Recorded associations, not the only deities or a current inventory." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-014", "claim": "The official directory records Naina Devi/Naina Mata at Manikaran and relates the deity’s travels to Rudr Nag and Kheer Ganga.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S16", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Manikaran / Rudr Nag / Kheer Ganga", "limitations": [ "Traditional itinerary is not visitor access permission or a current festival schedule." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-015", "claim": "Manikaran has a Dussehra recorded in its own locality, distinct from the larger Kullu celebration at Dhalpur.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented cultural account", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S15", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S04", "passageLocator": "Index and linked deity records" } ], "geographicScope": "Manikaran / Kullu", "limitations": [ "No current dates, attendance counts or participation guarantee asserted." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-016", "claim": "Kasol is described by Himachal Tourism as a settlement beside the Parvati, with old and new areas connected by a bridge.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented geography", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S05", "passageLocator": "Kasol, Malana and Manikaran sections" } ], "geographicScope": "Kasol", "limitations": [ "Undated description, not a current bridge survey or exact settlement-growth chronology." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-017", "claim": "The official directory places Somu Narayan, also called Kasoli Narayan, at Kasol.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S17", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Kasol", "limitations": [], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-018", "claim": "The park authority names Chalal, Rashol, Grahan, Tosh and Malana among destinations in its Parvati Valley account.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented geography", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S03", "passageLocator": "Main account, three paragraphs; footer updated10September2026" } ], "geographicScope": "Named regional places", "limitations": [ "Does not place every destination inside the national park or establish precise boundaries." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-019", "claim": "The official directory places Yagya Valakya Rishi/Rawal Rishi/Rawal at Grahan.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S19", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Grahan", "limitations": [ "Do not merge this with Devta Rawal of Uch or infer current sacred access." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-020", "claim": "The official directory records Jamlu Tosh, with the parenthetical Jamdagnee association, at Tosh.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S12", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Tosh", "limitations": [ "Keep Tosh distinct from Jamlu records at Malana, Hawai and Ursu." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-021", "claim": "Narayan Pulga is recorded as presiding over Pulga; the directory uses a general hill-architecture description for the temple.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S13", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Pulga", "limitations": [ "Not an architectural survey or proof of a particular construction technique." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-022", "claim": "Than Tulga/Suraj Pal Than Tulga is recorded at Tulga.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S14", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Tulga", "limitations": [ "No present priesthood, current festival date or permissions verified." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-023", "claim": "The directory places Jagtham at Bershaini/Barshaini, names Jungru as an associate and records links to nearby deities.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S18", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Barshaini / linked village group", "limitations": [ "The six villages mentioned in the directory are not enumerated; do not assign them by guesswork." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-024", "claim": "The official directory records Jamdagni Rishi/Jamlu at Malana and traditional pilgrimage links to Manikaran and Rudr Nag.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S11", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Malana / wider sacred links", "limitations": [ "Recorded sacred relationship, not a dated migration or visitor route." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-025", "claim": "Similar Jamlu/Jamdagni names are separately located at Tosh, Malana, Hawai and Ursu in the official directory.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S11", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S12", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S21", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S22", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Wider Kullu", "limitations": [ "Do not collapse local identities, permissions or festival records." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-026", "claim": "Uppsala’s Kunashi documentation project ran from 2015 to 2018 and describes collaboration with speech communities in research concerning Malana’s language.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented research project", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S07", "passageLocator": "Time period, project description, collaboration paragraph" } ], "geographicScope": "Malana", "limitations": [ "Project dates are not foundation dates or current speaker numbers." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-027", "claim": "The 2018 field report sampled Kasol, Rasol, Pulga, Kalga and Tosh during 2015–2017.", "evidenceCategory": "Scientific evidence: ethnobotanical field report", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S08", "passageLocator": "Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products25(3),127–130; Methodology and Cultural importance, printedp128" } ], "geographicScope": "Five sampled villages", "limitations": [ "Pooled field accounts do not describe every household or prove current frequency." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-028", "claim": "The report records Mangolu for seed, Shel for fibre, and food/craft uses including Siddu, Aaksalu and Pullan.", "evidenceCategory": "Attributed field accounts", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S08", "passageLocator": "Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products25(3),127–130; Methodology and Cultural importance, printedp128" } ], "geographicScope": "Five-village regional record", "limitations": [ "Keep terms/practices attributed. No medical efficacy, product formula, current universal use or brand sourcing inferred." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-029", "claim": "KYTA’s account describes Kalga through orchards, wood-and-stone buildings, fields and irrigation streams.", "evidenceCategory": "Attributed organisation account", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S09", "passageLocator": "Narrative after introduction; wood-and-stone/orchard paragraphs" } ], "geographicScope": "Kalga", "limitations": [ "An attributed account, not a current land-use or building census." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-030", "claim": "KYTA tells of a visitor settlement developing around a summer-grazing meadow from the early 1980s.", "evidenceCategory": "Attributed organisation account", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S09", "passageLocator": "Narrative after introduction; wood-and-stone/orchard paragraphs" } ], "geographicScope": "Kalga", "limitations": [ "Not independently corroborated; not the beginning of habitation or an exact founding date." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-031", "claim": "The official directory places Mata Parvati/Devi Chogasna at Chong and records links to Manikaran and Kheer Ganga.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented religious directory", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S20", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Chong / wider Kullu", "limitations": [ "Do not move the home shrine to Manikaran or make all valley worship identical." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-032", "claim": "The 1899 gazetteer attests Parbati and describes Manikarn springs; its own name explanation connects manis with polished pebbles.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented history and historical interpretation", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S23", "passageLocator": "PDFp2 imprint; PDFp3 preface30May1898; printedpp10–11/PDF26–27 hot springs; PDF18 Parbati geography; printedp53/PDF69 language" } ], "geographicScope": "Historical Kullu / Manikaran", "limitations": [ "Historical interpretation is not proven etymology or modern science. Colonial framing and OCR require caution." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-033", "claim": "The seven existing public map points derive from a retained OpenStreetMap snapshot with record IDs and versions.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented geography", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S27", "passageLocator": "research/geodata/parvati-public-atlas-2026-10-14.geojson and retained query/receipt" } ], "geographicScope": "Seven existing public place nodes", "limitations": [ "Not surveyed centroids. Captured 14 October India, not freshly reverified on 22 October." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-034", "claim": "Kheerganga/Khirganga appears in official regional geography; Kheer Ganga also appears in deity pilgrimage records.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented geography and religious association", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S03", "passageLocator": "Main account, three paragraphs; footer updated10September2026" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S16", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S20", "passageLocator": "Name, location, associated-deity, annual-fair, Dussehra and Highlights fields" } ], "geographicScope": "Upper Parvati / sacred links", "limitations": [ "No founding date, precise sacred-origin narrative or present trail/access condition established." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-036", "claim": "Malana is a distinct settlement and cultural locality in the wider regional account; the illustrative village sequence is not a route along one riverbank.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented geography and editorial interpretation", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S03", "passageLocator": "Main account, three paragraphs; footer updated10September2026" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S05", "passageLocator": "Kasol, Malana and Manikaran sections" }, { "sourceId": "PV-S27", "passageLocator": "research/geodata/parvati-public-atlas-2026-10-14.geojson and retained query/receipt" } ], "geographicScope": "Malana / Parvati region", "limitations": [ "Exact tributary hierarchy awaits primary catchment text or admitted mapped hydrology; no new upstream/downstream route inferred." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-038", "claim": "The 2022 volume Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects of Kanashi contains published descriptions of sounds, grammar and basic vocabulary, as described in its introduction.", "evidenceCategory": "Scientific evidence: linguistic research", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S30", "passageLocator": "Printed pp8–9 / PDF pp8–9, volume contents" } ], "geographicScope": "Malana / Kanashi language", "limitations": [ "Existence/content of this publication does not prove completion of every output proposed in the 2015–2018 grant." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-039", "claim": "The authors use Kanashi and record Kunashi in the speech of their oldest language consultant, alongside Malani and Kanasi in earlier literature.", "evidenceCategory": "Scientific evidence: linguistic research", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S30", "passageLocator": "Printed p3 / PDF p3, opening paragraph" } ], "geographicScope": "Malana", "limitations": [ "A recorded naming account, not evidence that all speakers choose one spelling or that local editorial review has occurred." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" }, { "id": "MH-PV-040", "claim": "Saxena and Borin place Malana in the upper Malana river valley, within northern Kullu district.", "evidenceCategory": "Documented geography in primary research", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "PV-S30", "passageLocator": "Printed p3 / PDF p3, Kanashi and Malana" } ], "geographicScope": "Malana river valley / Kullu", "limitations": [ "Distinguishes Malana’s immediate valley from the main Parvati corridor; does not assert current access or a complete hydrological boundary." ], "publicationStatus": "publish_with_attribution", "confidence": "source_supported", "accessDate": "2026-10-22", "communityReview": "not_conducted" } ], "summaries": [ { "id": "parvati-place", "title": "A river through Kullu", "text": "The Parvati meets the Beas at Bhuntar. Upstream, the landscape changes through steep slopes, tributary streams, forests and high meadows. Parvati and Parbati both appear in official accounts.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-001", "MH-PV-002" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S03" ] }, { "id": "kullu-sacred", "title": "A wider valley of gods", "text": "Kullu’s district account tells of Jamlu crossing Chandrakhani with a basket of gods. A gust of wind carries them across Kullu. This recorded legend belongs to the wider region; Parvati Valley has its own places within that larger story.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-004", "MH-PV-005" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S01", "PV-S03" ] }, { "id": "manikaran-hindu", "title": "A jewel in the water", "text": "One Hindu telling, recorded by Vedanta Bharati from local recitations, follows Parvati’s lost jewel and Shiva’s search. The jewel returns with the springs. It is a sacred account of Manikaran, kept distinct from the scientific study of its thermal water.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-007", "MH-PV-008" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S10" ] }, { "id": "manikaran-sikh", "title": "Manikaran Sahib", "text": "The gurdwara honours Guru Nanak. Himachal Tourism records a tradition of his visit; the district identifies Manikaran as a Hindu and Sikh pilgrimage place. Each tradition has its own account. They share this riverbank without becoming the same story.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-006", "MH-PV-010" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S06" ] }, { "id": "local-deities", "title": "Names belong to places", "text": "The official directory names Kasoli Narayan at Kasol, Rawal Rishi at Grahan, Jamlu at Tosh, Narayan at Pulga and Than at Tulga. Shared names do not erase local differences. These are recorded associations; present-day details still await community review.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-017", "MH-PV-019", "MH-PV-020", "MH-PV-021", "MH-PV-022", "MH-PV-025" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S17", "PV-S19", "PV-S12", "PV-S13", "PV-S14" ] }, { "id": "regional-hemp", "title": "Seed, stem and everyday things", "text": "Researchers visited Kasol, Rasol, Pulga, Kalga and Tosh during 2015–2017. Their shared record follows Mangolu—the seed—into food, and Shel—the fibre—into objects such as Pullan footwear. It describes regional practices, not Mount Herbs suppliers or treatment benefits.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-027", "MH-PV-028" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S08" ] }, { "id": "malana-language", "title": "Malana in its own words", "text": "Malana sits in the upper Malana river valley. Its language, Kanashi, is also recorded as Kunashi. A 2015–2018 documentation project was followed by a 2022 scholarly volume on the language. This gives the village’s story another depth, without an invented resident’s voice.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-026", "MH-PV-038", "MH-PV-039", "MH-PV-040" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S07", "PV-S30" ] }, { "id": "kalga-material", "title": "Kalga, through one account", "text": "KYTA describes Kalga through wood-and-stone buildings, apple orchards, fields and irrigation streams. Its story of a visitor settlement around an older grazing meadow is an attributed account, not an established founding history.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-029", "MH-PV-030" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S09" ] }, { "id": "kheerganga-context", "title": "Further up the valley", "text": "Kheerganga appears in official regional geography and in recorded pilgrimage links from Manikaran and Chong. Those links describe a sacred landscape; they do not establish a founding date or current access conditions.", "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-034" ], "sourceIds": [ "PV-S03", "PV-S16", "PV-S20" ] } ], "villages": [ { "id": "manikaran", "name": "Manikaran", "alternateNames": [], "geographicContext": "Parvati riverbank pilgrimage settlement", "deityAssociations": [ { "name": "Ram Chander Ji Manikaran", "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S15", "PV-S16" ], "verification": "recorded_association_not_current_confirmation" }, { "name": "Naina Devi / Naina Mata", "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S15", "PV-S16" ], "verification": "recorded_association_not_current_confirmation" }, { "name": "Shiva association", "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S15", "PV-S16" ], "verification": "recorded_association_not_current_confirmation" }, { "name": "Raghunathjee", "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S15", "PV-S16" ], "verification": "recorded_association_not_current_confirmation" }, { "name": "Gurdwara Manikaran Sahib", "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S15", "PV-S16" ], "verification": "recorded_association_not_current_confirmation" } ], "recordedFestivals": [ "Manikaran Dussehra: recorded; current schedule unknown" ], "language": { "value": null, "scope": "Project/pooled account; not individual speaker census" }, "architecture": { "value": null, "status": "unknown" }, "foodCraftBotanical": { "value": "Spring-heated food in district account", "scope": "Attributed or pooled, not brand supply" }, "sourceIds": [ "PV-S02", "PV-S15", "PV-S16" ], "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-006", "MH-PV-007", "MH-PV-008", "MH-PV-010", "MH-PV-012", "MH-PV-013", "MH-PV-014", "MH-PV-015" ], "researchPending": [ "Current practices and festival dates", "Permissions for sacred imagery, recordings and detailed reconstruction" ], "coordinates": { "longitude": 77.3464072, "latitude": 32.0273214, "sourceId": "PV-S27", "sourceUrl": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/4397107911", "recordId": "node/4397107911", "sourceVersion": 8, "sourceTimestamp": "2021-04-13T00:23:56Z", "sourceCapture": "2026-10-14T01:46:11.347698+05:30", "status": "dated_source_point_not_survey", "freshlyReverified": false }, "coverage": "partial_coverage", "communityReview": "not_conducted", "currentPracticeConfirmedOn": null }, { "id": "kasol", "name": "Kasol", "alternateNames": [], "geographicContext": "Parvati riverbank settlement", "deityAssociations": [ { "name": "Somu Narayan / Kasoli Narayan", "sourceIds": [ "PV-S03", "PV-S05", "PV-S17" ], "verification": "recorded_association_not_current_confirmation" } ], "recordedFestivals": [ "Fagli / Birshu: directory record; current schedule unknown" ], "language": { "value": "Hindi and Kulluvi dialect reported across five sampled villages", "scope": "Project/pooled account; not individual speaker census" }, "architecture": { "value": null, "status": "unknown" }, "foodCraftBotanical": { "value": "Regional Mangolu/Shel/Siddu/Aaksalu/Pullan record", "scope": "Attributed or pooled, not brand supply" }, "sourceIds": [ "PV-S03", "PV-S05", "PV-S17" ], "claimIds": [ "MH-PV-016", "MH-PV-017", "MH-PV-027" ], "researchPending": [ "Current practices and festival dates", "Permissions for sacred imagery, recordings and detailed reconstruction" ], "coordinates": { "longitude": 77.3166036, "latitude": 32.0104317, "sourceId": "PV-S27", "sourceUrl": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/756382658", "recordId": "node/756382658", "sourceVersion": 10, "sourceTimestamp": "2024-08-24T16:59:18Z", "sourceCapture": "2026-10-14T01:46:11.347698+05:30", "status": "dated_source_point_not_survey", "freshlyReverified": false }, "coverage": "partial_coverage", "communityReview": "not_conducted", "currentPracticeConfirmedOn": null }, { "id": "chalal", "name": "Chalal", "alternateNames": [ "Chhalal: indexed report lead only" ], "geographicContext": "Named Parvati regional destination; 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